Abstract: 【Objective】 Through the analysis and research on the agronomic traits and yield structure of 245 upland cotton varieties, the relationship between the traits was clarified, and the varieties with excellent comprehensive traits were selected. 【Methods】 The 11 traits were comprehensively evaluated by variability analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. 【Results】 The results showed that the variation coefficient of seed cotton yield of 245 upland cotton varieties was the highest (12.79%), and the number of fruit branches was the lowest (3.61%).The lowest number of fruit branches was 3.61%.The seed cotton yield was significantly positively correlated with the height of the first fruit branch, the number of fruit nodes, the number of bolls per plant, the number of bolls per branch and the number of bolls per plant.Five principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, with a cumulative contribution rate of 78.44%.Among them, PC₁ is a boll-forming factor, PC₂ is a plant type factor, PC₃ is a boll weight factor, PC₄ is a lint factor, and PC₅ is a fruit branch factor ; the materials were divided into five categories by cluster analysis.There were 55 materials in the first category, 82 materials in the second category, 12 materials in the third category, 7 materials in the fourth category, and 89 materials in the fifth category. 【Conclusion】 Branch-bearing bolls and node-bearing bolls are important factors determining cotton yield, which can be further used as selection criteria for improving cottonseed yield of different traits.The large boll varieties represented by C73-27 and Xinluzao 25, and the varieties with excellent comprehensive traits such as Lumian27, Ganmian17 and 18N4 were selected.