Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effect of cephalosporin residue organic fertilizer on the abundance of drug-resistant bacteria and related resistance genes in the maize soil, and to provide scientific basis for biological safety evaluation in the application of cephalosporin residue organic fertilizer. 【Methods】 Three experimental groups were set up, which included none organic fertilize treatment (CK), the organic fertilizer treatments with 500 kg/667 m² (B₁) and with 1000 kg/667 m² (B₂), respectively. The antibiotic resistant bacteria and related antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) with different treatments were analyzed by using the cultivable method and the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. 【Results】 The results showed that the total number of bacteria was significantly increased in the treatments with cephalosporin residue organic fertilizer, and the number of cefradine resistant bacteria was significantly increased in the treatments at corn seedling stage as well. Forty-one strains of antibiotic-resistant strains were obtained, among which 8 cefradine resistant strains belonged to 6 genera. 【Conclusion】 The relative abundance of ARGs genes in corn seedling soil was significantly increased in the treatments with cephalosporin residue organic fertilizer. There were no significant effects on the relative abundance of blaTEM gene in the treatments at the fruiting stage, and none regular influence on other drug-resistant genes.