Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of different planting density and row spacing on the growth and yield of Carthamus tinctorius L.,Which can coordinate the growth of Carthamus tinctorius L. and significantly improve the yield of Carthamus tinctorius L. filament and seed. 【Methods】 Field planting experiment was carried out in Yumin County, Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang from 2020 to 2021. Two-factor randomized block design was adopted, and four treatments were set for planting density: 1.0×10⁴ plants/667m² (A₁), 1.5×10⁴ plants/667m² (A₂), 2.0×10⁴ plants/667m² (A₃) and 2.5×10⁴ plants/667m² (A₄), two treatments were set for row spacing: 20 cm (B₁) and 30 cm (B₂). The effects of different planting densities and row spacing on the agronomic characters, dry matter accumulation and yield of Carthamus tinctorius L. were analyzed. 【Results】 The results showed that within a certain planting density range, the plant height, chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation, yield and other indicators of Carthamus tinctorius L. gradually increased with the increase of density, while the number of fruit balls per plant, the number of seeds per fruit and the thousand-grain weight gradually decreased with the increase of density, while different row spacing had little effect on each index of Carthamus tinctorius L.. The comprehensive index and yield of Carthamus tinctorius L. under A₃B₁ and A₃B₂ treatment reached the highest level, and the filament yield under A₃ treatment increased by 15.73%, 11.23% and 7.97% respectively compared with A₁, A₂ and A₄ treatment, and the grain yield increased by 18.75%, 11.96% and 14.50%, respectively, compared with A₁, A₂ and A₄ treatments. 【Conclusion】 Reasonable planting density (2.0×10⁴ plants/667m², 20 cm(B₁) or 30 cm(B₂) equal row spacing) is the basis of high-yield and efficient cultivation mode of Carthamus tinctorius L.