Abstract: 【Objective】 To compare the improvement degrees of ecology and economic benefits per unit land area between single cropping cotton field and two kinds of jujube cotton intercropping cotton field in northwest margin of Tarim Basin. 【Methods】 Singleton cotton field (CK), cotton field with one membrane and two rows intercropping (C₁), and cotton field with one membrane and four rows intercropping (C₂) were used as testing materials to explore the effects of different planting patterns on microenvironmental indicators, cotton growth, yield and economic benefits in different growth periods. 【Results】 The light intensity of cotton field with different planting patterns changed as CK>C₁>C₂. The total CO₂ concentration of the three crown sites of C₁ and C₂ was higher than that of cotton monoculture. The light intensity, wind speed, air and soil temperature of single cropping cotton field were higher than those of two intercropping cotton fields, while the air and soil moisture were lower than those of two intercropping cotton fields. Air and soil temperature and wind speed in C₂ model cotton field were significantly lower than that in C₁ model, while air and soil moisture were the opposite. The growth indexes of cotton from bud stage to flower boll stage were as follows: intercropping cotton field > monoculture cotton field. CK mode cotton field yield was the highest, reaching 398.00 kg/667m². The net income was C₁>C₂>CK>CK₀. The net income of cotton field in C₁ mode was 2,517.28 yuan/(667m²·a), but the yield rate (37.96%) ranked the second. 【Conclusion】 It can be concluded that the best planting mode is the jujube cotton intercropping mode with one film and two rows.