Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to explore the feasibility of the application of cotton nutrient expert system recommended fertilization in cotton production in southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Field experiments were carried out in Hailou Village and Kumubag Village of Shaya County in 2021. Eight treatments were set up in the experiment: NE, recommended fertilization based on nutrient expert system; NE+OM, nutrient expert system recommended fertilization based on the application of organic fertilizer instead of some chemical fertilizers; FP, farmers' habitual fertilization; OPTS, local agricultural extension department recommended fertilization; CK, no fertilization; NE-N, recommended by NE on the basis of no nitrogen fertilizer; NE-P, recommended by NE on the basis of no phosphate fertilizer; NE recommended by NE-K on the basis of no potassium fertilizer. 【Results】 The recommended fertilization of cotton nutrient expert system could significantly increase seed cotton yield and improve economic benefits. Compared with FP, Hailou and Kumubag NE increased yield by 10.2% and 7.95%, and the output-input ratio increased by 10.9 and 8.7. The yield increased by 11.66% and 10.13% compared with OPTS. The output-input ratio increased by 17.6 and 11.9. The recommended fertilization of cotton nutrient expert system could also significantly improve the nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization rate of cotton. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption of Hailou NE was 10.33%, 3.67% and 11.79% higher than that of FP, and 5.63%, 3.62% and 17.21% higher than that of OPTS. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer use efficiency of Hailou and Kumubag NE increased by 14.83, 18.47, 36.83 and 23.82, 18.30, 79.91 percentage points compared with FP, and 23.99, 5.83, 33.39 and 29.35, 16.42, 64.04 percentage points higher than OPTS. 【Conclusion】 Fertilization recommended by cotton nutrient expert system balanced the fertilization ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and effectively improved the nutrient uptake, fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits of cotton while ensuring the yield. Therefore, the application of cotton nutrient expert system recommended fertilization in Xinjiang Shaya County is feasible.