盐碱麦田生物有机肥促生增产培肥效果

Study on the effect of Bio-Organic fertilizer on promoting growth and increasing yield in saline alkali wheat field

    摘要
  • 摘要: 【目的】 研究不同生物有机肥对盐碱胁迫春小麦生长和土壤改良培肥的效果,为盐碱地的生物有机肥施用提供理论基础。 【方法】 采用盆栽试验,设置9个处理:不施肥处理(CK),4种不同菌种及配比的生物有机肥(A、B、C、D),每种生物有机肥设2个施量水平(1 125,2 250 kg/hm2)。 【结果】 与CK相比,施用生物有机肥后春小麦LAI、SPAD、理论产量、土壤有机质和速效养分含量等均显著增加(P<0.05),其中春小麦理论产量比CK处理增加了41.85%~74.93%,0~10 cm土层土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别比CK提高了19.57%~66.24%、20.73%~40.12%、37.70%~75.72%和11.98%~31.12%,10~20 cm土层土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别比CK提高了19.13%~74.63%、17.38%~29.93%、21.76%~59.52%和11.98%~31.12%,且随着生物有机肥施量的增加呈上升趋势;各施肥处理与不施肥CK相比显著降低了土壤pH和电导率(P<0.05),0~10 cm土层土壤pH、电导率分别比CK降低了2.55%~5.02%、10.33%~40.51%,10~20 cm土层土壤pH、电导率分别比CK降低了1.69%~4.20%、21.3%~43.60%。各施肥处理春小麦根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量显著高于CK(P<0.05),真菌数量显著低于CK(P<0.05),根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量随生物有机肥施量的增加呈上升趋势,真菌数量呈现下降趋势。 【结论】 D生物有机肥(沼泽红假单胞菌∶肉桂褐链霉菌∶胶冻样芽孢杆菌∶枯草芽孢杆菌=1∶2∶2∶2)施用量为2 250 kg/hm2时,对盐碱土壤改良培肥和调节微生物数量结构作用效果较好,且促进了小麦生产量的提高。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of different biological organic fertilizers on the growth of spring wheat under saline alkali stress and soil improvement and fertilization.Which provides a theoretical basis for the application of bioorganic fertilizer in saline alkali land. 【Methods】 Through the pot experiment, nine treatments were set: no fertilization treatment (CK), four kinds of biological organic fertilizers with different strains and ratios (A, B, C and D).Each biological organic fertilizer was set with two application levels (1,125, 2,250 kg/hm2). 【Results】 Compared with CK, LAI, SPAD, theoretical yield, soil organic matter and available nutrient content of spring wheat increased significantly after applying bioorganic fertilizer (P<0.05).The theoretical yield of spring wheat increased by 41.85%~74.93% compared with CK, and the contents of soil organic matter, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-10 cm soil layer increased by 19.57%-66.24%, 20.73%-40.12%, 37.70%-75.72% and 11.98%-31.12% respectively compared with CK.The contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 19.13%-74.63%, 17.38%-29.93%, 21.76%-59.52% and 11.98%-31.12% respectively compared with CK, and showed an upward trend with the increase of bioorganic fertilizer application; Compared with CK without fertilization, all fertilization treatments significantly reduced the soil pH and conductivity (P<0.05).The soil pH and conductivity in 0-10 cm soil layer were 2.55%-5.02% and 10.33%-40.51% lower than those of CK respectively.The soil pH and conductivity in 10-20 cm soil layer were 1.69%-4.20% and 21.3%-43.60% lower than those of CK respectively.The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of spring wheat was significantly higher than that of CK (P<0.05), and the number of fungi was significantly lower than that of CK (P<0.05).The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil increased with the increase of bioorganic fertilizer application, and the number of fungi decreased. 【Conclusion】 When the application rate of bioorganic fertilizer D (Rhodopseudomonas palustris: Streptomyces cinnamofuscus: Bacillus mucilaginosus: Bacillus subtilis = 1:2:2:2) is 2,250 kg/hm2, it has a good effect on the improvement and fertilization of saline alkali soil and the regulation of microbial quantitative structure, and promotes the increase of wheat production.

     

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