Abstract: 【Objective】 To identify and analyze their genetic diversity of wild strains of Macrolepiota in Xinjiang. Which can be used as a basis for the selection of parental materials for the next breeding research. 【Methods】 The ITS sequence was used to identify the species and the ISSR markers technology applied to carry out the genetic diversity analysis on 17 wild Macrolepiota strains. 【Results】 The 17 tested wild strains were the Macrolepiota excoriate, the screened-out 10 ISSR primers amplified a total of 116 clear DNA bands, including 75 polymorphic bands with a polymorphism ratio of 64.66%.The genetic similarity coefficient of each strain ranged from 0.71 to 0.99, and the 17 tested strains were divided into 8 groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.85. 【Conclusion】 Macrolepiota excoriataalso is distributed in Xinjiang.and it has the occurrence of genetic differentiation with relatively rich genetic diversity.