Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the genetic diversity of Xinjiang sheep with fine wool by whole-genome resequencing. 【Methods】 Whole-genome resequencing data of Xinjiang sheep with fine wool and whole-genome resequencing data of Bayinbruck, Altay, and Qira black sheep downloaded from NCBI were used to assess the existing genetic diversity status of different sheep breeds by detecting nucleotide polymorphism, calculating population differentiation index, watching/observing heterozygosity, and conducting genetic diversity analysis. 【Results】 97647435 high-quality autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and 15886270 insertions or deletions (Indel) were obtained by whole-genome resequencing.The genetic diversity level of Xinjiang fine-wool sheep was significantly lower than that of Altay sheep and that of Bayinbruck sheep and slightly higher than that of Qira black sheep.The order of genetic diversity of 4 sheep populations was: Altay sheep > Bayinbruck sheep > Qira black sheep > Xinjiang fine-wool sheep. 【Conclusion】 The genetic diversity of Xinjiang fine-wool sheep is relatively low in the 4 sheep populations chosen in this study.