Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the differences between the production performance, hatching performance, serum reproductive hormone levels and the expression of genes related to goose reproductive performance in different tissues of Yili and Hortobágy geese in the hope of providing theoretical support for crossbreeding improvement of Yili geese. 【Method】 In this experiment, 120 2-year-old Yili geese and 120 Hortobágy geese, each in good health, with consistent feeding conditions and in egg-laying stage, were selected for the determination of egg production, serum hormone levels and the expression of BMP2, BMP6, MIS, ENO1 and EP300 genes. 【Result】 ①The egg production rate, daily egg production, average daily feed intake, average egg weight and egg shape of Yili geese were significantly or highly significantly lower than those of Khordaji geese (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the material-to-egg ratio was significantly higher than that of Khordaji geese (P<0.01); in terms of hatching performance, the fertilization rate and fertilized egg hatching rate of Yili geese were significantly or highly significantly lower than those of Khordaji geese (P< 0.05 or P<0.01), and the rest of the indicators were not significantly different.②The serum levels of GnRH, LH, FSH, E2 and P4 in Yili geese were significantly or extremely significantly lower than those in Holdorbagi geese (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the PRL level was significantly higher than that in Holdorbagi geese (P<0.05).③In terms of gene expression, the expressions of ENO1 and MIS genes of Yili geese were significantly lower than those of Hortobágy geese (P<0.05 or P<0.01); in the pituitary gland, the expression of MIS, ENO1 and BMP6 genes in Yili geese was significantly or extremely significantly lower than that in Holdorbagi geese (P< 0.05 or P<0.01); in the ovary, the expression of ENO1 and MIS genes in Yili geese was significantly or extremely significantly lower than that in Holdorbagi geese (P<0.05 or P<0.01); in the fallopian tube, the expression of ENO1 and EP300 genes in Yili geese was significantly or extremely significantly lower than that in Holdorbagi geese (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and there were no significant differences in the expression of other genes (P > 0.05). 【Conclusion】 Fertilization rate and hatching rate of fertilized eggs in Yili geese are lower than those in Holdorbagi geese, and the serum reproductive hormones are lower than those in Holdorbagi geese except that the PRL level was higher than that in Holdorbagi geese.The differences in gene expression of BMP2, BMP6, MIS, ENO1 and EP300 may affect the differences in follicular development between geese of different breeds, thus regulating the reproductive performance of geese.