Abstract: 【Objective】 A total of 273 samples of upland cotton germplasm resources were studied and analyzed, and good performance materials were selected to provide theoretical reference for breeding new varieties of upland cotton. 【Methods】 15 machine-picked characters were analyzed by variation analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. 【Results】 The variation coefficient of each character had great difference, ranging from 3.93% to 20.68%. Boll number per plant was significantly positively correlated with plant height, initial node height, fruit branch number, fruit node fraction and specific strength; the first fruit node was significantly negatively correlated with fruit branch numbers, fruit node numbers, fruit branch angle, and bell number of single plant (P <0.05); specific intensity showed significant positive correlation with leaf area, boll number, and lint length (P<0.05); there was a significant positive correlation between Macron value and lint percent (P< 0.01), and a significant negative correlation between Macron value and lint length and specific strength (P< 0.01). The cumulative contribution rate of the five principal components was 63.932%. The materials could be divided into 5 classes. The first class had 76 materials, which belonged to big boll weight and high lint percent materials; there were 164 materials in Class Ⅱ and 7 materials in Class Ⅲ with good quality; there were 24 materials in class Ⅳ, and the overall performance was the best; Class Ⅴ had 2 materials, the overall performance was poor. 【Conclusion】 The 273 germplasm resources of upland cotton were divided into 5 categories, including 76 materials from Class Ⅰ, 164 materials from Class Ⅱ, 7 materials from class Ⅲ, 24 materials from class Ⅳ and 2 materials from Class Ⅴ. Among them, 24 materials in Class Ⅳ showed the best performance and could be used as parents for breeding new varieties.