Abstract: 【Objective】 Study of genetic diversity of main agronomic traits in Xinjiang winter wheat germplasm resources. 【Methods】 The genetic diversity, correlation and clustering analysis of nine main agronomic traits such as plant height, effective tillers and 1,000-kernel weight of 232 wheat germplasm resources were comprehensively evaluated. 【Results】 The genetic diversity index of 232 germplasm resources in Xinjiang was high, and the diversity index of 9 agronomic traits ranged from 1.68-2.10.The variation types were rich, and the coefficient of variation range was 10.3%-43.6%.The order of coefficient of variation of agronomic traits was yield per plant > effective tillers > main spike grain weight > main panicle length > main spike grain number >most grain number > plant height > spikelet number > 1,000-kernel weight.The correlation between main agronomic traits and yield per plant was as follows:Effective tillers (0.838) > main spike grain weight (0.564) > main spike grain number (0.559) > most grain number (0.301) > 1000-kernel weight (0.269) > main spike length (0.224) > plant height (-0.196) > spikelets number (-0.102),The direct path coefficient and correlation coefficient of effective tillers, main spike grain weight, main spike grain number and 1,000-kernel weight on yield per plant were significant.At the Euclidean distance of 16, 232 cultivars were divided into 5 groups.Nine agronomic traits of each group were analyzed, and there were significant differences among the groups. 【Conclusion】 The main agronomic traits of winter wheat germplasm resources in Xinjiang have great variation and rich genetic diversity.Effective tillers, main spike grain weight, main spike grain number and 1,000-kernel weight have direct and positive effects on yield per plant.Therefore, they can be used as screening indexes to improve yield per plant in breeding process, and effective tillers should be preferred.