Abstract: 【Objective】 To analyze the interaction and relationship between survival quantity and functional traits of one-year-old natural regeneration seedlings of Tianshan spruce (Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica) and microhabitat factors in order to deepen the scientific understanding of the role of environmental filter in the sedentary stage of Tianshan spruce seedlings. 【Methods】 The redundancy analysis (RDA) method was used to analyze the relationship between survival number and functional traits of one-year-old natural regeneration seedlings of Tianshan spruce and microhabitat factors, and hierarchical segmentation method was used to quantitatively decompose the interpretation rate of microhabitat factors. 【Results】 The microhabitat factors that could significantly affect the survival quantity and functional traits of one-year-old natural regeneration seedlings of Tianshan spruce were moss thickness, litter thickness, herbaceous coverage, root system twine layer thickness, tree neighborhood effect, altitude, and slope position.They could explain 47.43% of the variation of survival quantity and functional traits of one-year-old natural regeneration seedlings of Tianshan spruce.Among them, the interpretation rate of ground cover under the forest composed of moss, herbs and litter was 26.16%, and the explanation rates of root disk thickness and altitude were 9.79% and 5.95%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The thickness of litter, moss and soil root system twine layer under the Tianshan spruce forest, as well as the altitude of the woodland have a strong screening effect on the survival of one-year-old natural regeneration seedlings of Tianshan spruce.