Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effect of thioerythromycin residue organic fertilizer on the abundance of drug-resistant bacteria and related resistance genes in soybean farmland soil, and provide a scientific basis for the biosafety evaluation of the fertilizer. 【Methods】 By detecting the number and species of drug-resistant bacteria in soil in different growth stages of soybean under different application rates of bacterial residue organic fertilizer, and detecting the pollution level of related resistance genes (args) by fluorescence quantitative PCR, the effects of bacterial residue organic fertilizer on drug-resistant bacteria and related resistance genes were analyzed. 【Results】 The total number of soil bacteria and the number of thioerythromycin resistant bacteria in soybean seedling stage were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the number of penicillin and Cefradine resistant bacteria was not significantly different from the control group.In the result period, there was no significant difference between the total number of various colonies in the soil with thioerythromycin residue organic fertilizer and the control group.The obtained 14 strains of thioerythromycin resistant bacteria were distributed in 11 genera, of which pseudoarthrobacteria, bacillus and glutamate like bacteria accounted for the highest proportion in the total number of bacteria, and 25 strains of penicillin resistant bacteria were distributed in 7 genera, of which Streptomyces had the highest number.12 strains of cefradine resistant bacteria were distributed in 5 genera, of which Pseudomonas was the highest, accounting for 50.00% of the total.The application of thioerythromycin residue organic fertilizer had a certain effect on the absolute and relative abundance of common args in soil, but the effect was not significant. 【Conclusion】 The application of thioerythromycin residue organic fertilizer has no significant effect on the level of args in crop soil.