Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the preparation method of efficient soilless culture substrate and to study the effect of different composition on vermiculite soilless culture substrate. 【Methods】 Using the control variable method, taking the actual crops as the investigation object, using vermiculite as the main raw material, the effects of vermiculite composition, ratio and content, humidity, particles and nutrient solution concentration on the growth status of crops were analyzed.High quality vermiculite-based culture matrix was prepared. 【Results】 The addition of organic matter compound ingredients is more suitable for crop growth; the best vermiculite content of adsorbed nutrient solution is 45%; 60 mesh culture medium and 80% humidity are the best; using vermiculite slow-release action to absorb compound fertilizer nutrient solution is helpful to crop growth; the volume ratio of vermiculite: straw: mushroom material: licorice: perlite is the best. 【Conclusion】 The vermiculite-based culture medium prepared by using the slow-release property of vermiculite has low price, good seedling effect and great popularizing value.