Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of irrigation quota on cotton growth and development, soil moisture distribution, water use efficiency and yield under subsoiling tillage in southern Xinjiang, optimize the irrigation system of drip irrigation cotton field in Xinjiang, which provided a theoretical basis for optimizing the irrigation system of drip irrigation cotton field and realizing efficient water use, water saving and increase production in southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Therefore, a cotton cultivation field positioning drip irrigation quotas experiment was carried out under the condition of subsoiling 40 cm from April to October of 2019 in Awati County experimental base of the arid inland Tarim Basin, Northwest Xinjiang, four drip irrigation quotas of 2400 m³/hm²(W₁),3,000 m³/hm²(W₂),3,600 m³/hm²(W₃)and 4,200 m³/hm²(W₄) were set,aiming to explore the effects of different drip irrigation quotas on cotton growth and development, water use efficiency (WUE) and the growth characteristics and crop productivity in cotton growing seasons. 【Results】 Under the condition of 40 cm subsoiling, the plant height and leaf area index of cotton increased linearly with the increase of irrigation quota,The plant height and leaf area index of W₃ and W₄ treatment were significantly higher than that of W₁ treatment; The increase of irrigation quota promoted the formation of biomass in the later growth stage and was conducive to the increase of yield,but the excessive irrigation quota was not conducive to biomass accumulation and yield formation.The biomass accumulation of different treatments showed the change of W₃ > W₂ > W₄ > W₁, and W₃ treatment was significantly higher than W₁ treatment (P<0.05), which was 18.8%, 9.6% and 13.9% higher than W₁, W₂ and W₄ treatment respectively; With the increase of irrigation quota, the soil water content in each growth period showed an increasing trend in 0 ~ 80 cm soil layer, but too much irrigation was easy to cause water infiltration;However, excessive irrigation is easy to cause water infiltration; For yield and component factors, The number of bolls per plant in W₃ treatment was significantly higher than that in W₁ treatment by 10.9%, the yield of seed cotton in W₂ and W₃ treatment was significantly higher than that in W₁ and W₄ treatment (P<0.05), and the yield of seed cotton in W₂ treatment was 10.9%, 0.6% and 11.8% higher than that in W₁, W₂ and W₃ treatment, respectively; Water use efficiency decreased significantly with the increase of irrigation quota (P<0.05), and there were significant differences among different treatments. 【Conclusion】 When the irrigation quota is in the range of 3,000-3,600 m³/hm², it is more conducive to promote cotton growth and development and dry matter accumulation, better balance the relationship between water use and yield, and facilitate yield formation, Under the condition of 40 cm subsoiling.