Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the mechanized cotton planting mode with equal row spacing of 76 cm, which is a new mechanized cotton planting mode, which is beneficial to chemical leaf defoliation and ripeness, and improves the picking efficiency and quality.In order to further clarify the pattern of water consumption and yield benefit, optimize and improve the supporting high yield technical measures, and provide a theoretical basis for improving the current supporting technology of 76 cm equal row spacing machine cotton picking. 【Methods】 Based on the field experiment, three planting densities (low-density M₁, 135,000 plants/hm^2; Medium density M₂, 180,000 plants/hm²; To study the effects of high-density M₃, 225,000 plants/hm²) and irrigation quota severe deficit W₁ (50% ETC), 3,150 m³/hm²; mild deficit W₂ (75% ETC), 4,050 m³/hm²; and fully irrigated W₃ (100% ETC), 4,980 m³ /hm² on soil water distribution, water consumption characteristics, yield and water use efficiency in 76 cm machine-cut cotton field with equal row spacing. 【Results】 Different planting densities and irrigation quotas had significant effects on soil water distribution.The distribution of water in the soil profile presents an overall pattern, and the soil water content increases with the deepening of soil layer.Under the same irrigation quota, the increase of density significantly increased the upper soil moisture content, which resulted in the increase of the overall water distribution uniformity.Under the same planting density, compared with the heavy deficit irrigation, full irrigation significantly increased the water consumption of cotton field, and significantly increased the water content of the underlying soil on the basis of the increase of the overall soil water content, resulting in the overall water distribution uniformity increased at first and then decreased.In addition, there were significant differences in yield and water use efficiency under different densities and irrigation quota.The combination of high density and heavy deficit irrigation had the highest water use efficiency, which reached 14.08 kg/(hm²·mm) and exceeded the simulated value by 10.18%.The cotton yield of low density and full irrigation combinations was the highest, but there was no significant difference between high density and heavy deficit irrigation combinations. 【Conclusion】 Under the condition of comprehensive consideration of yield and water use efficiency, we concluded that the combination of 225,000 plants/hm² density and 3,150 m³/hm² irrigation quota was the most suitable planting pattern for mechanized cotton harvesting with 76 cm row spacing, which was beneficial to the improvement of cotton yield and water use efficiency.The results can provide a basis for the popularization and application of machine-picking cotton with equal row spacing of 76 cm, and also provide a reference for the combination of density and irrigation quota with irrigation conditions.