Abstract: 【Objective】 Effects of organic acid addition on field phosphorus status and yield in cotton field with different phosphorus fertilization rates in Xinjiang. 【Method】 In order to reduce the chemical phosphorus fertilization rate and improve phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency in cotton field in Xinjiang， different treatments of phosphorus fertilization rates （0，50，100 and 150 kg P₂O₅/hm²， MAP0， MAP50， MAP100 and MAP150）， with and without organic acid addition （organic acid 45 kg/hm²， OA and control， CK） were set under the field conditions. The characteristics of soil available phosphorus， plant uptake and distribution and yield were measured， and phosphate fertilizer use efficiency and field phosphorus balance were calculated. 【Result】 （1） With the increase of P fertilization rate， soil Olsen-P showed a first increase and then slightly decrease trend； under CK treatment， Olsen-P （at flowering and bolling stage） reached the maximum value under MAP100 treatment， while under OA treatment， Olsen-P reached the maximum value under MAP50 treatment. （2） The plant P uptake showed a trend of first increase and then slightly decrease with the increase of P fertilization rate. In CK treatment， the plant P phosphorus uptake reached the highest level at MAP100 treatment， and reached the highest in MAP50 treatment when organic acids were added. The addition of organic acids also increased the proportion of phosphorus distribution to reproductive organs. （3） UnderCK treatment， the yield of seed cotton increased with the increase of P fertilization rate， and the highest yield was 5，220 kg/hm² under MAP150 treatment. However， under OA treatment， the yield of seed cotton showed a first increase and then decrease trend with the increase of P fertilization rate， and reached the highest value under MAP100 treatment （5，194 kg/hm²）. （4） Under CK treatment， the P fertilizer use efficiency increased first and then decreased with the increase of P fertilization rate， and the P fertilizer use efficiency in MAP100 treatment was the highest （32.97%）； 【Conclusion】 however， under OA treatment（proposed dosage：45 kg OA+ 100 kg P₂O₅/hm²）， the P fertilizer use efficiency decreased with the increase of P fertilization rate， and the maximum P fertilizer use efficiency was 32.92% in MAP50 treatment. In conclusion， organic acid addition could improve soil phosphorus availability， plant phosphorus uptake， and distribution of phosphorus to reproductive organs at a lower chemical P fertilizer application rate， thus increasing seed cotton yield and P fertilizer use efficiency in cotton field.