Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to ensure the efficient use of arable land resources, this study evaluates the quality of arable land in the Altai region in terms of grade, on the basis of which a barrier degree model is introduced to diagnose the barrier factors for low grade land, so as to provide data support for future improvement and construction of arable land. 【Method】 In this study, 13 indicators were selected from three aspects of land conditions, physical and chemical properties and arable land management using Telfer method, hierarchical analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the quality of arable land and obstacle factors in Altai region were analyzed and diagnosed quantitatively by using GIS technology and obstacle degree model. 【Results】 (1) The average grade of arable land quality in Altay is 5.24, with excellent land (Grade 1 to 3), medium land (Grade 4 to 6) and low land (Grade 7 to 10) accounting for 12.30%, 62.84% and 24.86% of the total arable land area, respectively, indicating that the current status of arable land quality in Altay is good. (2) Obstacle factors were diagnosed for the lowlands in the Altai region, and it was found that the evaluation indexes of organic matter, effective phosphorus, irrigation capacity and effective soil thickness accounted for a higher percentage of obstacles, 16.30%, 13.41%, 12.27% and 8.32%, respectively, with mild and moderate obstacles, mainly in Burqin, Fuhai and Qinghe counties, and the obstacles of arable land in Fuyun County were not obvious. 【Conclusion】 The cultivated land quality in Altay area is affected by altitude, environment and other factors, with a decreasing trend from northeast to southwest. At the same time, the types, quantity and spatial distribution of obstacle factors in low land are clarified. It provides scientific basis for improving the quality of cultivated land and ensuring the productive capacity of cultivated land.