Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on physiological growth and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】 Xindong 52 was used as the test material, and the two-factor split zone experiment was designed. Three levels of irrigation treatment were set: W₁ (2,241 m³/hm²), W₂ (3,486 m³/hm²) and W₃ (4,731 m³/hm²). Four levels of fertilization treatment (nitrogen) were set: N₀ (0 kg/hm²), N₁ (135 kg/hm²), N₂ (195 kg/hm²), N₃ (255 kg/hm²). The effects of different combinations of water and nitrogen on plant height, leaf area, photosynthetic characteristics (Pn,Tr,Gs,Ci), yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation were analyzed. 【Result】 (1) With the increase of irrigation amount or N amount, the plant height, leaf area, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Xindong 52 winter wheat increased synchronously.(2) When the irrigation amount was too low (W₁ treatment), increasing N fertilizer did not significantly improve the yield and photosynthetic performance; When the irrigation amount was increased to W₂ and W₃ levels, plant height, leaf area, photosynthetic characteristics and yield showed an obvious trend of increase with the increase of N application rate, which showed a good effect of waterborne fertilizer. (3) Among all treatments, W₃N₂ (4,731 m³/hm² irrigation, N₁ 95 kg/hm² application) had the highest yield (8,570 kg/hm²), and the corresponding photosynthetic characteristic values also reached the maximum; (4) The yield of W₂N₂ treatment (3,486 m³/hm² and 195 kg/hm²) was at the sub-maximum value (8,465 kg/hm²). The photosynthetic characteristic value of W₂N₂ was not the maximum, but the agricultural utilization rate of N fertilizer reached the maximum (16.69 kg/kg), and the production efficiency of irrigation water also reached the maximum (1.66 kg/m³). (5) Compared with W₃N₂, the yield of W₂N₂ decreased by 105kg/hm² (decreased by 1.2%), but the irrigation amount decreased by 1,245 m³/hm² (decreased by 26.3%). 【Conclusion】 The technical combination of irrigation water of 3,486 m³/hm² and nitrogen fertilizer of 195 kg/hm² can be used as the cost-saving and efficiency-increase production scheme of "Xindong 52" winter wheat.