Abstract: 【Objective】 To clarify the latest occurrence, distribution and damage of maize stem rot in the main maize producing areas of Xinjiang desert oasis ecological region in the hope of providing the basis for scientific monitoring and control of maize stem rot in these areas. 【Methods】 Five point random sampling method was used to investigate the latest incidence of corn stalk rot in 17 counties of 6 prefectures and cities in northern and southern Xinjiang, and the correlation between cultivation mode, variety factors and incidence degree was analyzed. 【Results】 The average diseased field rate of corn stalk rot in Xinjiang desert oasis ecological zone was 77.32%, and the average diseased plant rate was 39.66‰.Among them, spring maize production area in Northern Xinjiang (97.22‰ and 51.86‰) was significantly heavier than repeat maize production area in southern Xinjiang (30.00‰ and 17.70‰), followed by Urumqi (100%, 55.50‰), Tacheng (93.33%, 38.80‰), and Changji (92.86%, 13.43‰), Kashi (30%, 17.70‰).According to the statistics of counties and cities, Xinyuan county (100%, 126.2‰) suffered the most serious damage, followed by Bole City (100%, 117.14‰), while no corn stalk rot was found in Jiashi County, Shule county and Shufu county.The results showed that the average disease rate of commercial maize (48.12‰) was 3.09 times higher than that of seed maize (15.56‰).There was no significant difference in the rate of diseased plants among the four cultivation modes (drip irrigation with film mulching, drip irrigation without film, flood irrigation with film mulching and flood irrigation without film) (P > 0.05).But the average disease rate of drip irrigation and mulching was lower than those of drip irrigation and irrigation (100% and 69.77%) respectively. 【Conclusion】 Corn stalk rot is common in the main corn producing areas in Xinjiang, and it is found that it is more serious in Northern Xinjiang than in Southern Xinjiang.The results showed that the disease resistance of commercial maize varieties was not strong as a whole, and the film mulching cultivation conditions were favorable to reduce the disease occurrence.