Abstract: 【Objective】 To evaluate the effect of walnut-cotton intercropping on arthropod community structure and population of natural enemies in cotton fields. 【Method】 In Aksu, Xinjiang, 21 experimental sites of walnut-cotton intercropping patterns were selected from 2017 to 2018 to compare and study the arthropod community structure corresponding to the cotton fields in intercropping patterns and monocropping patterns. 【Result】 The results showed that the shannon-Wiener diversity index of arthropod community in walnut intercropping cotton field was 0.68 and 0.56, respectively. The average uniformity index of walnut and cotton intercropping was 0.45 and 0.38. The dominant concentration index was 0.59 in walnut intercropping and 0.68 in mono cropping. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences in shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index and dominant concentration index of arthropod community in walnut intercropping cotton field compared with cotton single cropping field. Besides, there was no significant difference in the characteristic indexes of pest subcommunity and natural enemy subcommunity between two cropping patternsshannon-Wiener diversity index, P = 0.36 > 0.05; the average uniformity index, P =0.39>0.05; dominant concentration index, P = 0.71 > 0.05).At the same time, through the study on the population quantity of natural enemies, it was found that the main predatory natural enemies in cotton fields were ladybugs, lacewings and insectivorous bugs, and there was no significant difference in the population quantity of predatory natural enemies between cotton intercropping field and cotton mono-cropping field(P = 0.42 > 0.05). The densities of the mummy aphids on cotton plant in walnut-cotton intercropping and cotton monocrop systems had no significant difference(P = 0.076 > 0.05). 【Conclusion】 It indicates that the walnut-cotton intercropping patterns in southern Xinjiang had no significant effect on arthropod community structure and population of natural enemies in cotton fields.