Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the changes of soil organic matter and soil nutrient element characteristics under different land use patterns in Akesu, Xinjiang. 【Method】 In the Aksu area, the soils of five typical land use patterns such as sole wheat, jujube wheat intercropping, sole jujube, sole jujube in wasteland, and wasteland were collected to determine the soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents by soil chemical analysis method. 【Results】 The coefficient of the spatial variation of the soil nutrient elements in this study area under different land use patterns was between 0.92% and 94.00%, all of which are medium spatial variability.After the conversion of farmland to orchard or agroforestry, the soil organic matter content of each layer was increased, but it was increased significantly (P<0.05) only in each layer of 0-20 cm soil layer.After the transition from wasteland to orchard, the soil organic matter of all layers increased, and the soil layers 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm increased significantly (P<0.05).The contents of soil nutrient elements and soil organic matter in the 0-100 cm soil layer were decreased gradually with the increase of soil depth.The content of soil organic matter, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were all shown as follows: Jujube wheat intercropping > Sole jujube > Sole wheat > Sole jujube in wasteland > Wasteland.The content of soil total nitrogen was shown as follows: Sole jujube > Jujube wheat intercropping > Sole wheat > Sole jujube in wasteland > Wasteland.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and soil nutrient elements. 【Conclusion】 It is found that the conversion of farmland or wasteland to orchard or agroforestry increased soil organic matter and soil fertility.