Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study is to analyze the impacts of the ecosystem service function change on ecological construction and regional sustainable development in arid areas, and through this to provide scientific basis and practical reference for land use planning, ecological civilization construction and regional sustainable development of Kashgar Prefecture. 【Methods】 【Results】 (1) From 1978 to 2018, significant land use change happened in Kashgar. During the process of land use change, the area of cultivated land, forest land, wetland, construction land and sandy land increased while the area of grassland, water land, unused land and salinized land decreased. (2) From 1978 to 2018, the value of ecosystem services in Kashgar showed a "reducing-increasing-decreasing" trend, and the whole study period exhibited a decreasing trend. The total value of ecosystem services decreased from 593.2×10⁸ Yuan in 1978 to 585.1×10⁸ Yuan in 1988, and then increased to 592.9×10⁸ Yuan in 1998 then decreased to 552.7×10⁸ Yuan in 2018 again. (3) The analysis of the ecosystem service function composition indicated that the water supply and waste treatment function were the top ecological functions with high service value, while the food production and raw material function were the two low ecological functions with small service value. The result indicated that, the Kashgar ecosystem function belonged to regulating function. (4) From 1978 to 2018, the sensitivity index of ecosystem service value of each land type in Kashgar was less than 1, indicating that the value of ecosystem service in Kashgar lacked elasticity. 【Conclusion】 The study results indicated that, in the past 41 years, the land use change in Kashgar has coincided with social and economic construction activities, which explained that the application of the Eco-service value coefficient of Xie Gaodi in this study is helpful to the quantitatively analysis of the ecological effects of the land use structure change in Kashgar Prefecture.