Abstract: 【Objective】 To exolore the effects of the conversion of farmland to orchard or agroforestry on soil total organic carbon (TOC), liable organic carbon (LOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in typical arid desert oasis area. 【Method】 In Aksu area, the soils of wheat, jujube orchard and jujube-wheat intercropping were collected to determine the soil TOC, LOC and DOC content. 【Result】 In the 0-100 cm soil layer, the means of soil TOC content under different land use patterns were shown as follows: Jujube orchard > Jujube-wheat intercropping > wheat, while the soil LOC and DOC content were shown as follows: Jujube-wheat intercropping > Jujube orchard > wheat. After the conversion from farmland to jujube orchard or jujube-wheat intercropping, the soil TOC, LOC and DOC content were all increased significantly (P<0.05). The distribution ratios of LOC and DOC were shown as: The distribution ratio of LOC in each soil layer was reduced after the change from farmland to jujube orchard. After the conversion from farmland to jujube-wheat intercropping, the distribution ratio of LOC in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers were reduced, while the remaining soil layers were increased. However, the distribution ratio of DOC exhibit an initial decrease followed by an increase with an increase of the soil depth. Correlation analysis showed that the LOC and DOC content of the wheat, jujube orchard and jujube-wheat intercropping had a significant positive correlation with soil TOC content under different land use patterns (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 It is found that the conversion of farmland to orchard improved the stability of soil organic carbon and promoted the accumulation of soil organic carbon, while the conversion from farmland to jujube-wheat intercropping only improved the stability of soil organic carbon in the 0-20 cm soil layer.