Abstract: 【Objective】 To provide theoretical support for the high yield and income increase of walnut and wheat by studying the light environmental characteristics of the roadway between 6a walnut tree and winter wheat and comparing the fruit quality difference between single planting walnut. 【Methods】 】LAI-2200C canopy analyzer and LI- 6400 portable photosynthetic apparatus were used to measure leaf area index (LAI) of walnut and photosynthetic physiological data of winter wheat at each period under the two modes. And after that, the difference of walnut fruit quality between intercropping gardens and single cropping gardens was analyzed. 【Results】 In each growing period of walnut, the leaf area index of monocultural orchard was higher than that of intercropping orchard. Light saturation points at different growth stages of winter wheat were shown as: filling stage > maturity stage > heading stage at flowering stage, and > filling stage at light compensation point at maturity stage, > at flowering stage, and > heading stage. In terms of dry fruit weight, horizontal, vertical and lateral diameter, intercropped walnut fruits were better than those of the monocropped fruits, but the yield, amino acid, fatty acid content and other indexes of the monocropped fruits were better than those of the intercropped fruits. 【Conclusion】 The leaf area index of walnut under intercropping condition is smaller than that of walnut under single cropping condition, and walnut fruit quality of monoculture is also better than that of intercropping orchard. Intercropping wheat photosynthetic physiological indexes are lower than those of monoculture wheat, so if we want to further improve the yield of walnut and wheat, the light environment in orchards should be changed, and the row planting space should be widened, or in other words, the orchards that are over 6a are not suitable for intercropping.