Abstract: 【Objective】 To broaden the genetic basis of Xinjiang cotton germplasm resources and enrich its diversity. 【Method】 The phenotypic characteristics of genetic diversity of 92 upland cotton germplasm resources from Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan were analyzed and evaluated synthetically through field character observation and indoor seed-baking. 【Result】 The results showed that 92 upland cotton germplasms had different degrees of genetic diversity in qualitative and quantitative traits.The genetic diversity of qualitative traits was different in plant, main stem, leaf, flower, boll and other parts.The coefficient of variation and diversity index in 13 traits of the 25 qualitative traits were 0, the average coefficient of variation of the remaining 12 qualitative traits was 18.28%, and the average genetic diversity index was 0.45; the coefficient of variation of 6 quantitative traits was 2.94%-10.44%, its average was 6.80%, the diversity index was 2.58-4.52, the average was 3.86.Using phenotypic identification data for cluster analysis, all materials were divided into 6 groups at a genetic distance of 2.5.The traits of each group had obvious differences.Further correlation analysis and principal component analysis to quantitative traits showed that more complex correlations between each trait reflected the difficulty of simultaneously improving key traits of cotton.Principal component analysis simplified the 6 traits into 4 principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 85.79%.Each principal component reflecting the growth period, plant height and other biological characteristics was related to yield, boll weight and lint and other the economic traits.The synergistic cooperation of each trait was beneficial to the simultaneous improvement of each trait. 【Conclusion】 92 upland cotton germplasms resources have rich genetic diversity in qualitative and quantitative traits, which indicate that the diversity index of quantitative traits is greater than that of qualitative traits.The clustering results are not necessarily related to the source and place of origin of the materials.