Abstract: 【Objective】 The study aims to estimate control efficiency of sulfoxaflor on Aphis gossypii and safety of natural enemies in Xinjiang cotton field, which could provide basis of scientifically using this new pesticide and promoting environmental friendly control of cotton aphid in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Laboratory toxicity and field pesticide efficiency experiments were conducted to assess cotton aphid toxicity and control efficiency of 22% sulfoxaflor SC, and meanwhile, effect of sulfoxaflor on predators and parasitoids of cotton aphid were evaluated. 【Result】 In laboratory, after 48 h conducting sulfoxaflor at concentrate of 0.375 and 0.250 g/L, cotton aphid corrected mortality rate was 100.0% and 93.3%, respectively, whereas 84.4% for imidacloprid of 0.2 g/L. Lethal effect of sulfoxaflor on ladybeetle (Hippodamia variegata) was little. Corrected mortality rates of ladybeetle were less than 10% after 48 h treatments of sulfoxaflor at concentrate of 0.375 and 0.250 g/L which were significantly less than imidacloprid at concentrate of 0.2 g/L treatment (45.7%). In field, after 5 days pesticide application in 2018 and 2020, cotton aphid correction control effect was above 90% with 15 mL/667m² (0.375 g/L) and 85% with 10 mL/667m² (0.250 g/L) of sulfoxaflor treatment, which was significantly higher than imidacloprid treatment with 8 g/667m² (0.2 g/L). Moreover, mummy aphid rate and the ratio of natural enemy to cotton aphid with sulfoxaflor at concentrate of 15 and 10 mL/667m² were both significantly higher than imidacloprid treatment. 【Conclusion】 sulfoxaflor has a better control efficacy on cotton aphid in Xinjiang cotton field and higher safety to predators and parasitoids. So, it could be considered to widely spread and apply for cotton pest control.