Abstract: 【Objective】 The present study focuses on the relationship between canopy temperature (CT) of spring wheat and its yield in order to provide some references for the breeding and cultivation of drought resistance and high yield spring wheat. 【Methods】 188 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were grown in the experiment stations in Changji prefecture, Xinjiang, under full and deficit irrigation conditions from 2014 to 2016 growing seasons. The CT of heading stage, early filling stage and middle filling stage were measured by infrared thermometer. 【Results】 The variations of CT in different stages and the relationship between CT and yield were analyzed. The results showed that CT of spring wheat was significantly higher (P<0.01) under deficit irrigation than that under sufficient irrigation in every growing stage. CT also differed significantly (P<0.01) among different growing periods and CT rose with the development of growing stage under both irrigation conditions. The most negative correlation was in yield, followed by thousand seed weight, spikelet number and kernels per spike. Under deficit irrigation, the yield had obvious linear decreasing relation with CT in each period, and displayed the most obvious linear relation with CT in the middle of filling stage, but under sufficient irrigation, the linear decreasing relation was not obvious. 【Conclusion】 Overall, yield and yield component factors of spring wheat were closed related to CT under sufficient irrigation. CT can be used as an important indicator for the breeding and cultivation of spring wheat.