新疆“滴水出苗”机采棉皮棉2 700 kg/hm2关键技术评述与展望

Analysis and preliminary application of Lint yield 2,700 kg/hm2 for Machine-picked Cotton under “drip irrigation Seedling” in Xinjiang

  • 摘要:目的 】研究新疆北疆“滴水出苗”棉田高产种植措施,分析其关键技术,为大面积棉花绿色高效高产稳产提供支持。【 方法 】以2017~2019年在新疆北疆棉区连续创建的7个棉花高产点为研究对象,定点观察其种植技术,并持续追踪和梳理。【 结果 】皮棉单产为2 700 kg/hm2的“滴水出苗”机采棉高产田以壤土为主,肥力中上;品种抗病虫逆性好,结铃性强,铃重、衣分适中,种子质量好;全生育期需滴水6 000 m3/hm2左右,滴水9~11次,尿素、磷肥、钾肥用量1 425~1 575 kg/hm2,花铃期是水肥需求的高峰期,应适量补施硼锌肥;化控坚持“早、轻、勤”原则,次数约6~8次,进水前化控,打顶后化控2~3次,前轻后重;早防早治虫害;落叶催熟剂适期、分次喷施,及时采收。【 结论 】有效建立“滴水出苗”棉田平均收获株数201.3×103株/hm2、总铃数1 416.8×103个/hm2以上的田间管理技术体系,实现机采棉皮棉2 700 kg/hm2的高产目标。

     

    Abstract:Objective 】 As one of the core objectives of cotton planting, high yield has always been a research hotspot. This paper intends to trace the technical measures of high-yield planting in the cotton field of "dry sowing and dripping seedling " in the north of Xinjiang, and clarify the technical essentials of its key links, so as to provide support for a wider range of high and s Table yield in the future.【 Methods 】 Based on the 7 high yield points continuously established by the research group in 2017-2019 in northern Xinjiang cotton area and the basis of extensive investigation and fixed-point observation, the planting technology was continuously tracked and thoroughly combed.【 Results 】 The high-yield cotton field (2,700 kg/hm2)of "dry sowing and dripping seedling" was mainly loam, with medium fertility; The varieties had good resistance to disease and insect, strong boll, moderate boll weight, clothing content, and good seed quality; About 6,000 m3/ha of drip water was needed in the whole growth period, 9-11 times of drip water was needed, the fertilizer was urea, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer 1,425-1,575 kg/hm2, and the peak of water and fertilizer was in the flowering and bolling period, with proper spraying of zinc and boron fertilizer, chemical control should adhere to the principle of "early, light and diligent", about 6-8 times, chemical control shall be carried out before water inflow, 2-3 times after topping, and the former should be light and the latter should be heavy; Insect damage should be prevented and treated early; Defoliation ripening agent should be sprayed in proper period and times, and collected in time.【 Conclusion 】 Under the normal climate conditions, through the fine control of each link of cotton high-yield, the field management technology system with the average number of harvested plants of 201.3 k/hm2 and the total number of bolls of 1,416.8 k/hm2, is effectively established and the high-yield target of 2,700 kg/hm2 of machine-picked cotton is finally achieved. This technology provides an important technical support for the green and efficient production of cotton in Xinjiang.

     

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