Abstract: 【Objective】 In this project, the study area is Shanshan County, a city in the arid region, and its land use change and ecological elasticity are analyzed to put forward feasible suggestions and countermeasures for ecological construction in Shanshan County. 【Methods】 By using GIS technology and ecological elasticity, ecological elasticity, land use change and ecological effects in Shanshan County in recent 35 years were analyzed and discussed, and land cover in 2025 was simulated and predicted by Markov model. 【Results】 In Shanshan County, the degree of land cover conversion was large, and the change of land use index was obvious. Under the condition of first and second level classification and comparison, in the trend of land use dynamic index changes from 1980 to 2015, the highest dynamic index of grassland was medium coverage grassland, and the lowest was high coverage grassland. The highest dynamic index of woodland was other woodland, shrubbery and sparse woodland, followed by woodland, and the highest dynamic index of water area was lake, reservoir and pond. The comprehensive index of land use degree was 109.38, and among all land use types, only forest land area and unused land area decreased with the year, while other land types increased with the year; the ecological elasticity of each research year was 1.49, 1.51, 1.51, 1.65 and 2.34, respectively, showing an overall increasing trend. The ecological value of Shanshan County increaseD as a whole, and the change of land ecological value and the change of land use area corresponded to each other. The forecast showed that the area of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and construction land increasd slowly and continuously from 2015 to 2025, and the water area decreased slightly. 【Conclusion】 The land types in Shanshan County changed dramatically, and the land use status was not stable. The ecological elasticity and ecological value index increased as a whole, and the improvement of water area would be likely to promote the development of ecological environment in a virtuous circles.