Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of continuous cropping on the main agronomic characters, yield and quality of sweet sorghum were studied, and select the best way of continuous cropping fertilization in the hope of providing scientific basis for rational fertilization and nutrient management of continuous cropping sweet sorghum in arid area of Xinjiang. 【Method】 Based on the long-term positioning experiment of sweet sorghum, the effects of two-year continuous cropping of sweet sorghum on the growth period, plant height, stem diameter, number of internodes, individual plant weight, culm weight and its sugar brix, straw yield, grain yield, thousand grain weight and biological yield of sweet sorghum variety New Sorghum No.3 were measured. 【Result】 Continuous cropping inhibited the growth of New Sorghum 3, reduced the yield and delayed the growth period. In the second year of continuous cropping, plant height, stem diameter, individual plant weigh and culm weight of all fertilization treatments were significantly lower than those in the first year. In the second year of continuous cropping, the crops by all fertilization treatments ripened 15 days later than the first year. In the second year of continuous cropping, the average straw yield, grain yield and biological yield decreased by 1.51%, 17.81% and 2.31% respectively. In addition, different fertilization treatments also have effects on the agronomic characters, sugar brix and yield of sweet sorghum. The application of different types of fertilizer could significantly increase the brix of sweet sorghum stalk. No application of any fertilizer (CK) significantly inhibited the growth and quality of New Sorghum 3. The plant height, number of internodes and stem diameter of NPK treatment were higher than those by other treatments during continuous cropping, with an increase rate of 1.80% - 8.90%. The yield and thousand grain weight of NPK treatment were as high as 4.46 t/hm² and 21.54 g, while the brix and biomass of PK treatment were as high as 20.60% and 89.73 t/hm². 【Conclusion】 The results of comprehensive analysis showed that although continuous cropping inhibited the growth of sweet sorghum and reduced the main agronomic characters and yield, fertilization could reduce the growth barriers of continuous cropping to sweet sorghum to a certain extent. The main growth parameters of NPK treatment were the highest.