Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of chemical fertilizer and NAM long-effect agent on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient uptake and utilization and yield and quality of small fruit watermelon in Xinjiang. 【Method】The small fruit watermelon varieties Zhongtian 2013 and Zhongtian 6211 were used as testing materials, nitrogen fertilizer and NAM were applied to small fruit watermelons to determine the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and yield and quality of the fruit and clearly understand the relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus absorption, yield and quality of N. 【Result】Under the same nutrient condition, NAM increased the dry matter quality, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient uptake and yield quality of small fruit watermelon, the dry matter quality, nutrient absorption and yield quality of NAM long-acting agent with 20% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer were similar to that of conventional fertilization (CF) treatment, among which,Zhongtian 6211 had a yield of 4.23% higher than CF treatment under 80% CF+NAM treatment. 【Conclusion】Compared with conventional fertilization (CF), CF+NAM and 80% CF+NAM can increase the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers by 1.1-3.2 percentage points and 0.48-0.79 percentage points, respectively.