Abstract: 【 Objective 】 In this article, the correlation between almond tree canopy structure index and intercropping regional light environment index and between the light environment index and intercropping winter wheat yield composition index were studied in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the prediction of winter wheat yield, selection and optimization of tree shape with high light efficiency under the fruit-grain intercropping mode in southern Xinjiang. 【 Method 】Using almond-winter wheat (Xindong 20)intercropping system as research materials to investigated the tree structure index of different tree forms and the PAR daily variation trend in different intercropping area. And the correlation between yield index of winter wheat grain and environment light index, the correlation between environment light index and tree structure index, the correlation between tree structure index and almond yield capacity were analyzed.【 Result 】 In the mode of almond winter wheat intercropping system in southern Xinjiang, the index of gain yield of efficient panicle of unit-acreage, grain number per spike and 1,000-grain weight were positively correlated with PAR strength at jointing, flowering and grouting stages respectively; the index of 1,000-grain weight and grain weight per spike were positively correlated with average daily light intensity and duration of 400-1 400 μmol/(m²·s) of PAR at grouting stage; there was a significant positive correlation between tree load and canopy volume, canopy projected area and average canopy width; the crown height was significantly correlated with the light index in the sub-canopy area on the west side of the tree, and the crown width was significantly correlated with the light index in the sub-canopy area and the far canopy area on the west side of the tree. 【 Conclusion 】The indexes of duration time of 400-1 400 μmol/(m²·s) of PAR during the grouting stage and crown width can be used as the main evaluation indexes for wheat yield estimation, and high light efficiency tree selection under the intercropping mode in southern Xinjiang.