Abstract: 【 Objective 】 To explore the relationship between the dry matter accumulation of cotton and its distribution law between conventional cotton and hybrid cotton in the process of growth in the hope of providing certain guidance for production practice.【 Method 】Six cotton varieties were selected as experimental materials, and conventional cotton varieties, namely Xinluzhong 38, J206-5, and four F₂ hybrid cottons, namely 18-1883, 18-1887, H602, H628 were promoted in the two fields. They were planted in the Alar region of southern Xinjiang, with the same planting density (14,000 plants/667 m²), and we carried out high-yield cultivation management to study the accumulation of dry matter in different organs and its relationship with their yields.【 Result 】The total dry matter accumulation of conventional cotton varieties of Xinluzhong 38 was 149.09 g, which was higher than that of J206-5 (127.44 g), and the total dry matter accumulation of F₂ hybrid cotton was H602(158.71 g) >18-1883 (148.26 g)>H628(143.56 g)>18-1887(130.69 g); RAR value (ratio of dry matter of reproductive organs and vegetative organs) was represented by conventional cotton variety Xinluzhong No.38 (0.334)>J206-5(0.328 ), F₂ hybrid cotton 18-1887 (0.40)>H628(0.35)>18-1883(0.32)>H602(0.30); the average yield of single cotton lint of conventional cotton varieties was Xinluzhong No.38 (22.86 g) >J206-5 (20.27 g), the yield of lint cotton in F₂ hybrid cotton was H628 (27.83 g) > H602 (24.94 g) > 18-1883 (21.66 g) > 18-1887 (19.33 g). Based on the above analysis, it was concluded that the total dry matter accumulation and yield components of F₂ hybrid cotton H602 and H628 were the best.【 Conclusion 】According to the test results, it can be concluded that under the same planting conditions, F₂ hybrid cotton H628 is more suitable for planting in the Alar region of southern Xinjiang.