Abstract: 【 Objective 】 In this study, three kinds of base fertilizers were set up to compare the nutrient accumulation and yield characteristics of different cotton varieties in the Tarim area of Xinjiang.【 Methods 】Two-factor split-zone test design was adopted to compare the nutrient accumulation differences and yield effects of six cotton varieties under three basic fertilizer settings.【 Results 】The results showed that the Xinluzhong55 varietyof the six cotton cultivars had the highest nitrogen utilization rate (36.11%) with high nitrogen uptake capacity. The phosphorus accumulations of Xinluzhong22, Xinluzhong55 and JinmianZ1112 varieties were significantly higher than thoseof Xinluzhong82, Xinluzao74 and Xinluzao77 varieties. The utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer was Xinluzao77>Xinluzhong22>Xinluzhong82>Xinluzhong55>JinmianZ1112>Xinluzao74. The potassium contents of Xinluzhong22, Xinluzhong55, Xinluzhong82, JinmianZ1112 and Xinluzao77 varieties weresignificantly higher than that of Xinluzao74 varieties. The utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer was higher than thoseof Xinluzhong55 and Xinluzhong82, the lowest one was Xinluzhong22 variety, and Xinluzhong55 and Xinluzhong82 varieties had higher potassium absorption capacity; The numbers of bolls per plant of JinmianZ1112 and Xinluzao77 6 weresignificantly higher than thoseof Xinluzhong22 and Xinluzhong55, and the single boll weight of Xinluzhong22 was significantly higher than that of the other five varieties. The clothing scores of Xinluzhong22 and JinmianZ1112 varieties were significantly higher than those of Xinluzhong55, Xinluzhong82 and Xinluzao77 varieties. The seed cotton yield and lint yield of Xinluzao74 varietywere significantly lower than those other varieties.【 Conclusion 】Under the current planting conditions, the nutrient absorption and accumulation of cotton plants without the application of base fertilizer was low and the yield was low. Under the total application of base fertilizer, the yield was the highest. Under the semi-application of base fertilizer, the application rate of base fertilizer was reduced by 50%, and the average yield of cotton was reduced by 9%. Among them, Xinluzhong22 and Xinluzhong55 varieties had the least yield reduction, 5% and 1%, respectively.