Abstract: 【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of different harvest time on wine grapes and wine in Yanqi Basin of Xinjiang in the hope of providing the basis for determining the best harvest period for local wine grapes. 【Method】 Five kinds of red wine grape fruits in different harvest periods after the period of grape color conversion and small samples in the brewing grapes were taken as the research objects. The relationship between the different indexes and the optimum harvest period of grape was analyzed by measuring the fruit quality and the physicochemical indexes of wine. 【Result】 (1) The fruit appearance quality: The vertical diameter, transverse diameter and fruit weight of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon fruit increased at first and then decreased with the passage of harvesting date, while the vertical diameter, transverse diameter and single fruit weight of Pinot Noir, North Rose and North Red fruit increased gradually with the passage of harvest date. (2) Internal quality of the fruit: with the date of collection, the pH, soluble solid content, solid acid ratio and glycolic acid ratio of grape fruit gradually increased. Soluble solids from high to low was Merlot > North Red > North Rose > Cabernet Sauvignon > Pinot Noir. (3) Brewing quality: the pH and alcoholic strength of each variety showed a trend of slow rise with the date of harvest; The total sugar content of Pinot Noir was 5.48 g/L, and the total sugar content of Cabernet Sauvignon was 3.71 g/L, which were both consistent with GB/T15037-2006 wine classification standard. 【Conclusion】 The principal component analysis indicated that the best harvest time for Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon in Yanqi basin in Xinjiang is on August 25 th, and the best harvest time for Pinot Noir, North Rose and North Red is on August 28 th.