Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this research is to solve the problems such as factors affecting the quality of mutton near-infrared spectral collection quality and so on. 【Method】 Xinjiang mutton was taken as the object in the study, and the effects of different light sources, fiber parameters, instrument detection time, acquisition distance and acquisition parameters on the spectral collection quality were discussed. 【Result】 The results showed that the VIVO light source was better than the HL-2000 light source, by use of light source with higher power for the well controlled light source could improve the spectral repeatability and reduce the spectral noise; The spectral reflectance was increased with increasing diameter or number of receiving fiber core. With the increase of detection time, the baseline shift of the spectrum was more serious, and each wavelength point moved towards the short wave. With the increase of acquisition distance, the spectral reflectance was increased first and then decreased. The longer integral time, the better spectral quality. With the increase of smooth points and average times appropriately, the spectral quality was increased. 【Conclusion】 Based on the experiments, the influence of various factors on the spectral quality was analyzed, which provided a certain reference for improving the instrument and detection conditions.