Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to optimize the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in pepper planting and explore the rational use of nitrogen fertilizer, the tests on yield and quality of pepper were carried out in Chengguan Township of Yengisar of Xinjiang, China. 【Method】 Two experiments: conventional fertilization and optimal fertilization were used to compare the two treatments, and the nitrogen fertilizer addition gradient analysis was carried out in the experiment. Among them, conventional fertilization was used by most local farmers in production, while the optimized fertilization technique was the one obtained recently for reaching high yield, high efficiency or high quality for their corresponding crops. The purpose was to illustrate the effect of optimizing fertilization nitrogen element on increasing the yield of pepper by comparing the two. 【Result】 The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization area, the average yield of pepper was 3,153.6 kg in the optimized fertilization area and 2,233.5 kg in the conventional fertilization area, and the yield in the optimized fertilization area was 17.8 kg higher than that in the conventional fertilization area. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that through the analysis of the results of this experiment, it is proved that nitrogen fertilizer can increase the yield of pepper, and the scientific and reasonable fertilization method should be adopted when applying nitrogen fertilizer in production, so as to provide scientific basis for high yield, economy and environmental protection fertilization.