新疆谷子种质资源评价及产业研究进展

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.009

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (8): 1887-1893.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.009

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

新疆谷子种质资源评价及产业研究进展

冯国郡¹(), 胡相伟¹, 赵云¹, 于明¹(), 张述功², 周道良²

1.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.玛纳斯县祥和农机有限责任公司,新疆玛纳斯县 832200

收稿日期:2022-10-23 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-08-14
通信作者: 于明(1973-),男,辽宁阜新人,研究员,研究方向为杂粮营养,(E-mail)2435742497@qq.com
作者简介:冯国郡(1970- ),女,新疆奇台人,研究员,博士,研究方向为杂粮作物育种及栽培,(E-mail)fengguojxj@126.com
基金资助:
国家谷子高粱产业技术体系(CARS-06-14.5-B30);国家自然科学基金项目(32060470);新疆区域协同创新专项(2020E01036);新疆农业科学院自主培育项目(xjnkyzzp2022004)

Research progress, problems and development prospect of foxtail millet industry in Xinjiang

FENG Guojun¹(), HU Xiangwei¹, ZHAO Yun¹, YU Ming¹(), ZHANG Shugong², ZHOU Daoliang²

1. Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Xianghe Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd of Manas County, Manas Xinjiang 832200, China

Received:2022-10-23 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-08-14
Correspondence author: YU Ming (1973 -), male, born in Fuxin City, Liaoning Province, researcher, research direction is the development and utilization of coarse cereals nutrition factors,(E-mail)2435742497@qq.com
Supported by:
China Agricultural Research System(CARS-06-14.5-B30);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060470);Regional Collaborative Innovation Special Project of Xinjiang(2020E01036);Independent Cultivation Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkyzzp2022004)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】综合评价谷子种质资源农艺性状,为新疆谷子资源收集、评价和利用提供科学依据。【方法】运用统计学方法汇总。【结果】利用聚类分析和主成分分析方法,对参试资源农艺性状的遗传多样性进行综合评价。应用SSR分子标记研究新疆谷子种质资源的遗传多样性,从分子水平明确新疆谷子种质资源遗传多样性的特点、亲缘关系和遗传背景等,采用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,在遗传相似数为0.75 处,124份谷子种质资源被划分为4个类群。通过SSR聚类分析,结合表型性状筛选鉴定出12份适宜新疆不同生态区种植的谷子优异种质。目前,即主要采用杂交选育、诱变等常规手段,分子标记为辅。【结论】新疆生产的小米色泽金黄、口感粘香,主要营养成分蛋白、淀粉、脂肪、硒等含量超过国内多个省(市、自治区)。新疆小麦、玉米、棉花等生产上使用的中耕机、割晒机、联合收获机经过改装调整可应用于谷子田间管理和收获等环节,结合研制出的谷子精量穴播器,使新疆谷子生产从播种到收获实现全程机械化。

关键词: 谷子种质资源; 产业; 研究进展; 发展前景

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim was to comprehensively evaluate the agronomic traits of foxtail millet germplasm resources and provide a scientific basis for the collection, evaluation, and utilization of foxtail millet resources in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Using statistical methods to summarize. 【Results】 Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the genetic diversity of agronomic traits of the tested resources. SSR molecular markers were used to study the genetic diversity of foxtail millet germplasm resources in Xinjiang. the characteristics, genetic relationship, and genetic background of the genetic diversity of foxtail millet germplasm resources in Xinjiang were clarified at the molecular level. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that 124 foxtail millet germplasm resources were divided into 4 groups at a genetic similarity of 0.75. Based on the results of SSR cluster analysis and phenotypic traits, 12 excellent foxtail millet germplasms suitable for planting in different ecological regions of Xinjiang were screened and identified. At present,breeding methods was self-breeding and joint breeding.Conventional methods such as hybrid breeding and mutagenesis are mainly used, supplemented by molecular markers breeding. 【Conclusion】 The foxtail millet produced in Xinjiang is golden in color and sticky in taste. The content of main nutrients such as protein, starch, fat, and selenium exceeds that of many provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China. The cultivator, cutting and drying machine, and combine harvester used in the production of wheat, corn, and cotton in Xinjiang can be applied to foxtail millet field management and harvesting after modification and adjustment. Combined with the developed foxtail millet precision dibbler, the production of foxtail millet in Xinjiang can be fully mechanized from sowing to harvesting.

Key words: Xinjiang; foxtail millet industry; research progress; development prospect

中图分类号:

S515

冯国郡, 胡相伟, 赵云, 于明, 张述功, 周道良. 新疆谷子种质资源评价及产业研究进展[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1887-1893.

FENG Guojun, HU Xiangwei, ZHAO Yun, YU Ming, ZHANG Shugong, ZHOU Daoliang. Research progress, problems and development prospect of foxtail millet industry in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(8): 1887-1893.

图/表 2

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产地 Place of production	蛋白质 Protein content (%)	粗淀粉 Crude starch content (%)	粗脂肪 Crude fat content (%)	硒 Selenium content (mg/kg)
原产地河南安阳(CK) Country of origin, Henan anyang	8.94	71.8	1.58	0.017
新疆克拉玛依市 Kalamay,Xinjiang	10.19	75.94	3.4	0.0492
与CK相比 Comparaed with CK(%)	14.0	5.77	115.2	189.4
新疆喀什泽普县 Zepu country of Kashi,Xinjiang	10.02	84.74	3.0	0.0252
与CK相比 Comparaed with CK(%)	12.1	18.02	89.9	48.2
新疆喀什疏勒县 Shule country of Kashi,Xinjiang	10.89		2.65	0.06
与CK相比 Comparaed with CK(%)	21.8		67.7	252.9

产地 Place of production	蛋白质 Protein content (%)	粗淀粉 Crude starch content (%)	粗脂肪 Crude fat content (%)	硒 Selenium content (mg/kg)
原产地河南安阳(CK) Country of origin, Henan anyang	8.94	71.8	1.58	0.017
新疆克拉玛依市 Kalamay,Xinjiang	10.19	75.94	3.4	0.0492
与CK相比 Comparaed with CK(%)	14.0	5.77	115.2	189.4
新疆喀什泽普县 Zepu country of Kashi,Xinjiang	10.02	84.74	3.0	0.0252
与CK相比 Comparaed with CK(%)	12.1	18.02	89.9	48.2
新疆喀什疏勒县 Shule country of Kashi,Xinjiang	10.89		2.65	0.06
与CK相比 Comparaed with CK(%)	21.8		67.7	252.9

产地 place of production	取样时期 Sampling period	粗蛋白 Crude protein content (%)	粗纤维 Crude fibre content (%)	粗脂肪 Crude fat content (%)	粗灰分 Crude ash content (%)	无氮浸出物 Nitrogen free extract (%)	水分 Moistrue content (%)	总磷 Total phosphorus content (%)	钙 Calcium content (%)	硒 Selenium content (mg/kg)
玛纳斯 Manasi county	春播抽穗期	13.22	33.8	11.5	0.86	46.43	8.9	0.21	0.44	0.01
泽普 Zepu county	复播收获期	7.90	35.0	7.6	12.4	40.16	8.4	0.12	0.87	0.032
疏勒 Shule county	复播收获期	7.95	29.35	6.60	15.45	43.30	7.05	0.10		0.07

产地 place of production	取样时期 Sampling period	粗蛋白 Crude protein content (%)	粗纤维 Crude fibre content (%)	粗脂肪 Crude fat content (%)	粗灰分 Crude ash content (%)	无氮浸出物 Nitrogen free extract (%)	水分 Moistrue content (%)	总磷 Total phosphorus content (%)	钙 Calcium content (%)	硒 Selenium content (mg/kg)
玛纳斯 Manasi county	春播抽穗期	13.22	33.8	11.5	0.86	46.43	8.9	0.21	0.44	0.01
泽普 Zepu county	复播收获期	7.90	35.0	7.6	12.4	40.16	8.4	0.12	0.87	0.032
疏勒 Shule county	复播收获期	7.95	29.35	6.60	15.45	43.30	7.05	0.10		0.07

新疆谷子种质资源评价及产业研究进展

Research progress, problems and development prospect of foxtail millet industry in Xinjiang

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