棉粕对盐碱化土壤改良及棉花产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究棉粕对盐碱化土壤改良及棉花产量的影响,提高作物产量提供支持。【方法】以新疆现在主要栽培作物棉花为试验材料,在石河子大学农学院试验站进行田间控制试验,设计在不同的盐化和碱化土壤施用棉粕,取样不同生育期土壤调查土壤中的理化性质,结合棉花产量,分析棉粕改良盐碱化土壤。【结果】施加棉粕处理,可有效降低土壤容重、pH、EC,改善土壤理化性质,其中表层中度盐化土壤容重下降最高为16.1%,轻度以及重度碱化土壤pH下降明显,盐化土壤EC下降比碱化土壤下降明显,土壤阳离子出现不同程度的下降,棉花产量有效提高。【结论】棉粕对盐碱土改良效果明显,添加棉粕改良能够降低盐碱化土壤容重、pH、EC、土壤交换性阳离子,可有效提高土壤理化性质,对盐化土壤和碱化土壤的效果不同,棉粕对盐化土壤的改良措施在于降低土壤EC,对于碱化土壤的改良措施为降低土壤pH。盐碱地土壤pH、EC过高是抑制棉花产量的主要原因,添加棉粕能够缓解盐碱胁迫下对棉花的伤害, 提高棉花产量。

关键词: 棉粕; 盐碱土改良; 土壤EC; 土壤pH; 增产

Abstract: 【Objective】 To solve the problem that soil salinization is becoming more and more serious in Xinjiang, which leads to the continuous decrease of crop yield. 【Method】Field control experiments were conducted at the Test Station of Agricultural College of Shihezi University with cotton as the experimental material. Cottonseed meal was designed to be applied in different salinized and alkalized soils. By sampling and investigating the physical and chemical properties of soil at different growth stages, combined with cotton yield, this paper provided support for exploring how to improve saline-alkali soil and increase crop yield. 【Result】The results showed that: By applying cotton aphid treatment, soil bulk density, pH and EC could be effectively reduced, leading to the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties. The bulk density of surface moderately salinized soil decreased by 16.1%. 16.1%, and the pH of mild and severely alkalized soil were obviously decreased. The decrease of EC in salinized soil was more obvious than that in alkalized soil, the soil cations decreased to varying degrees, and cotton yield increased effectively. 【Conclusion】Cottonseed meal had obvious effect on saline-alkali soil improvement. The bulk density, pH, EC and exchangeable cations of salinized soil could be reduced by adding cotton meal, thus effectively improving soil physical and chemical properties. The effects of cottonseed meal on saline-alkali soil were different. The improvement measures of cottonseed meal on saline-alkali soil were to reduce soil EC, and the improvement measures for alkali soil were to reduce soil pH. Through principal component analysis and correlation analysis, high soil pH and EC in saline-alkali soil were the main reasons for inhibiting cotton yield. Adding cottonseed meal could alleviate the damage to cotton under saline-alkali stress and improve cotton yield.

Key words: cottonseed meal; saline-alkali soil improvement; soil EC; soil pH; production increase

中图分类号:

S562

史蛟华, 陈宽, 王晓丽, 马宏秀, 王开勇. 棉粕对盐碱化土壤改良及棉花产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(8): 1449-1458.

SHI Jiao-hua, CHEN Kuan, WANG Xiao-li, MA Hong-xiu, WANG Kai-yong. Effects of Cottonseed Meal on Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Cotton Yield[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(8): 1449-1458.

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