新疆北疆荒漠群落组成及种间联结与相关性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆北疆荒漠物种的种间联结特征及其对群落演替的影响,为北疆生态系统荒漠植被恢复与生态重建提供理论依据。【方法】使用二元数据关联矩阵模型,利用该模型矩阵计算方差模型(VR),计算北疆荒漠物种总体关联性,计算χ²值检验其显著性。结合Ochiai、Dice和Jaccard三种指数计算方法,降低指数计算误差,分析荒漠群落物种间的联系与区别。【结果】新疆北疆荒漠草本层和灌木层总体关联性VR>1,66个草本层和22个灌木层物种间呈现正关联。正负联结总数2 145个种对,其中正联结率21.63%,不显著联结率66.8%,北疆荒漠区草本层中以不显著联结种对为主。灌木层中,正负联结总数231个种对,其中,正联结种对数60个,占总种数的26%,不显著联结种对占总种数的70.13%。在北疆荒漠区灌木层中以不显著联结种对为主。【结论】新疆北疆荒漠群落种间呈较独立分布的不显著正联结,是物种共同生存的机制之一。呈不显著正关联是北疆荒漠植物群落草本层、灌木以及草本和灌木层总体种间关系的表达。北疆荒漠群落中有较稳定和完善的种组成和群落结构。

关键词: 荒漠群落; 种间联结; 群落演替

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to clarify the characteristics of the interspecific association of the desert plants in northern Xinjiang and the role of interspecific association in community succession in the hope of providing theoretical support for vegetation restoration and ecosystem reconstruction in the desert of northern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 An association matrix model of binary data was constructed and used to compute the variance model to obtain the overall association between the desert species in northern Xinjiang, and the significance of their associations with each other was analyzed using χ² tests. The Ochiai index, Dice index, and Jaccard index were used in the calculation of indices to reduce errors and precisely reflect the interspecific association and species diversity in desert communities. 【Results】 The overall association between the species in the desert of northern Xinjiang, including 66 species in the herb layer and 22 species in the shrub layer, had a VR > 1, indicating that there was a positive association between the species. In the herb layer, a total of 2,145 species pairs had positive or negative associations. The proportion of positive associations was 21.63%. χ² tests showed that 66.8% of the pairs had non-significant associations, so the herb layer was dominated by non-significant association pairs. In the shrub layer, a total of 231 species pairs had positive or negative associations, of which 60 pairs had positive associations, accounting for 26% of the pairs. χ² tests indicated that 70.13% of the pairs had non-significant associations, so the shrub layer was also dominated by pairs with non-significant associations.【Conclusion】 The desert species in the community in northern Xinjiang have a relatively independent distribution, as indicated by the non-significant positive associations. This distribution is one of the mechanisms facilitating the co-existence of species. In the northern Xinjiang community, the herb layer, the shrub layer, and the two layers together all showed non-significant positive interspecific associations. In this region, the assembly of species and community structure are relatively stable and ideal.

Key words: plant community in desert; interspecific association; community succession

中图分类号:

S717

费诚, 董乙强, 安沙舟. 新疆北疆荒漠群落组成及种间联结与相关性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 2055-2065.

FEI Cheng, DONG Yiqiang, AN Shazhou. Study on desert community composition, interspecific association and correlation in northern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(8): 2055-2065.

图/表 17

表1 新疆北疆荒漠区灌木层主要物种种名及缩写

Tab.1 Name and abbreviation of main species in shrub layer in Northern Xinjiang

物种缩写 Species Abbreviation	物种 Species	物种缩写 Species Abbreviation	物种 Species
Cl Ag Ha Af Cm Kf	驼绒藜Ceratoides latens 小蒿Artemisia gracilescens 梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron 木蓼Atraphaxis frutescens 沙拐枣Calligonum mongolicum 盐爪爪Kalidium foliatum	Sa Ns As Hp Sr Ca	蒿叶猪毛菜Salsola abrotanoides 白刺Nitraria sphaerocarpa 骆驼刺Alhagi sparsifolia 白梭梭Haloxylon Persicum 木本猪毛菜Salsola arbuscula 锦鸡儿Caragana
Ep Ir An Es Zx Hc	膜果麻黄Ephedra przewalskii 戈壁藜Iljinia regelii 短叶假木贼Anabasis brevifolia 麻黄Ephedra sinica 霸王Zygophyllum xanthoxylum 盐穗木Halostachys caspic	Hs Cr Sp Rs	盐节木Halocnermum strobilaceum 红皮沙拐枣Calligonum rubicundum 囊果碱蓬Sueada physophora 琵琶柴Reaumuria soongorica

表2 新疆北疆荒漠区草本层主要物种种名及缩写

Tab.2 Name and abbreviation of main species in herbaceous layer in Northern Xinjiang

物种缩写 Species Abbreviation	物种 Species	物种缩写 Species Abbreviation	物种 Species
A	盐生假木贼Anabasis salsa	Sv	狗尾草Setaria viridis
Ne	小蓬Nanophyton erinaceum	Ap	滨藜Atriplex patens
Cl	驼绒藜Ceratoides latens	An	高枝假木贼Anabasis elatior
Ar	蒿子Artemisia	Aq	黄芪Astragalus
Kp	木地肤Kochia prostrata	Ay	无叶假木贼Anabasis aphylla
Ci	角果藜Ceratocarpus utriculosus	Ag	小蒿Artemisia gracilescens
Hg	盐生草Halogeton glomeratus	L	大赖草Leymus racemosus
Ph	骆驼蓬Peganum harmala	Is	盐生假木贼Anabasis salsa
Rs	琵琶柴Reaumuria kaschgarica	Ac	白滨藜Atriplex cana
St	针茅Stipa capillata	Sk	白茎绢蒿Seriphidium terrae-albae
Sl	蒿叶猪毛Salsolaabrotanoides	Ep	画眉草Eragrostis pilosa
Ps	叉毛蓬Petrosimonia sibirica	Aa	沙蒿Artemisia arenaria
Tt	蒺藜Tribulus terrester	Hu	对节刺Horaninowia ulicina
Ce	灰藜Chenopodium album	Ls	补血草Limonium sinense
Ha	梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron	Am	沙葱Allium mongolicum
Ch	虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium
Ai	侧花沙蓬A.laterifllorum
Sr	刺沙蓬Salsola ruthenica
Pt	羽毛三芒草Aristida pennata		短枝猪毛菜Salsola collina
Ra	蛇麻黄Ephedra distachys	Sc	羊茅Festuca ovina
Ed	中麻黄Ephedra intermedia	Fo	伊犁绢蒿Seriphidium transillense
Kf	盐爪爪Kalidium foliatum	S	苦豆子Sophora alopecuroides
Pa	芦苇Phragmites australis	So	小獐茅Aeluropus littoralis
Ca	苔草Carex sp.	Ae	盐节木Halocnermum strobilaceum
Lr	戈壁藜Iljinia regelii	Hs	狗娃花Heteropappus hispidus
Ab	短叶假木贼Anabasis brevifolia	Hh	花花柴Karelinia caspia
Ct	刺旋花Convolvulus tragacanthoides	Ka	刺藜Chenopodium aristatum
Cs	糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa	Cr	镰芒针茅Stipa caucasica Schmalh
Gl	沙生针茅Stipa glareosa	Ti	条叶车前Plantago lessingii
Nk	沙漠绢蒿Seriphidiumsantolinum	Au	骆驼刺Alhagi sparsifolia
Ug	博乐绢蒿Seriphidium gracilensces	As	博洛塔绢蒿Seriphidium borotalense
Eo	旱麦草Eremopyrum triticeum	Sb	散枝猪毛菜Salsola brachiata
Co	角果毛莨Ceratocephalusorthoceras	Sp	木碱蓬Suaeda dendroides
Pl	早熟禾Poa annua	Sg
Sa	木本猪毛菜Salsola arbuscula
Dn	葶苈Draba nemorosa

表2 新疆北疆荒漠区草本层主要物种种名及缩写

Tab.2 Name and abbreviation of main species in herbaceous layer in Northern Xinjiang

物种缩写 Species Abbreviation	物种 Species	物种缩写 Species Abbreviation	物种 Species
A	盐生假木贼Anabasis salsa	Sv	狗尾草Setaria viridis
Ne	小蓬Nanophyton erinaceum	Ap	滨藜Atriplex patens
Cl	驼绒藜Ceratoides latens	An	高枝假木贼Anabasis elatior
Ar	蒿子Artemisia	Aq	黄芪Astragalus
Kp	木地肤Kochia prostrata	Ay	无叶假木贼Anabasis aphylla
Ci	角果藜Ceratocarpus utriculosus	Ag	小蒿Artemisia gracilescens
Hg	盐生草Halogeton glomeratus	L	大赖草Leymus racemosus
Ph	骆驼蓬Peganum harmala	Is	盐生假木贼Anabasis salsa
Rs	琵琶柴Reaumuria kaschgarica	Ac	白滨藜Atriplex cana
St	针茅Stipa capillata	Sk	白茎绢蒿Seriphidium terrae-albae
Sl	蒿叶猪毛Salsolaabrotanoides	Ep	画眉草Eragrostis pilosa
Ps	叉毛蓬Petrosimonia sibirica	Aa	沙蒿Artemisia arenaria
Tt	蒺藜Tribulus terrester	Hu	对节刺Horaninowia ulicina
Ce	灰藜Chenopodium album	Ls	补血草Limonium sinense
Ha	梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron	Am	沙葱Allium mongolicum
Ch	虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium
Ai	侧花沙蓬A.laterifllorum
Sr	刺沙蓬Salsola ruthenica
Pt	羽毛三芒草Aristida pennata		短枝猪毛菜Salsola collina
Ra	蛇麻黄Ephedra distachys	Sc	羊茅Festuca ovina
Ed	中麻黄Ephedra intermedia	Fo	伊犁绢蒿Seriphidium transillense
Kf	盐爪爪Kalidium foliatum	S	苦豆子Sophora alopecuroides
Pa	芦苇Phragmites australis	So	小獐茅Aeluropus littoralis
Ca	苔草Carex sp.	Ae	盐节木Halocnermum strobilaceum
Lr	戈壁藜Iljinia regelii	Hs	狗娃花Heteropappus hispidus
Ab	短叶假木贼Anabasis brevifolia	Hh	花花柴Karelinia caspia
Ct	刺旋花Convolvulus tragacanthoides	Ka	刺藜Chenopodium aristatum
Cs	糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa	Cr	镰芒针茅Stipa caucasica Schmalh
Gl	沙生针茅Stipa glareosa	Ti	条叶车前Plantago lessingii
Nk	沙漠绢蒿Seriphidiumsantolinum	Au	骆驼刺Alhagi sparsifolia
Ug	博乐绢蒿Seriphidium gracilensces	As	博洛塔绢蒿Seriphidium borotalense
Eo	旱麦草Eremopyrum triticeum	Sb	散枝猪毛菜Salsola brachiata
Co	角果毛莨Ceratocephalusorthoceras	Sp	木碱蓬Suaeda dendroides
Pl	早熟禾Poa annua	Sg
Sa	木本猪毛菜Salsola arbuscula
Dn	葶苈Draba nemorosa

表3 北疆温性荒漠群落各层次主要种群种间的总体关联性

Tab.3 Overrall interspecific associations among main plant populations of different hierarchical levels of temperete desert grassland community in northern zone of Xinjiang

层次 Levels	方差比率 VR	检验统计量W Test statistics W	χ² ( $χ 0.95 2$ , $χ 0.05 2$ )	结果 Results
草本层Herb layer	1.02	3 893.56	(3 688.17,3 976.1)	不显著正关联
灌木层Shrab layer	1.03	2 592.59	(2 388.75,2 621.52)	不显著正关联
草本层和灌木层Herb layer and shrab layer	1.01	4 405.52	(4 221.3,4 528.97)	不显著正关联

表3 北疆温性荒漠群落各层次主要种群种间的总体关联性

Tab.3 Overrall interspecific associations among main plant populations of different hierarchical levels of temperete desert grassland community in northern zone of Xinjiang

层次 Levels	方差比率 VR	检验统计量W Test statistics W	χ² ( $χ 0.95 2$ , $χ 0.05 2$ )	结果 Results
草本层Herb layer	1.02	3 893.56	(3 688.17,3 976.1)	不显著正关联
灌木层Shrab layer	1.03	2 592.59	(2 388.75,2 621.52)	不显著正关联
草本层和灌木层Herb layer and shrab layer	1.01	4 405.52	(4 221.3,4 528.97)	不显著正关联

图1 草本层种间关联性χ2全矩阵

Fig. 1 matrix of interspecific correction χ2-test of association of main population in herbaceous layer

表4 草本层χ2检验统计、Pearson相关检验、Spearman秩相关检验比较

Tab.4 The comparison of χ2-test coefficient, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Spearman’s correlation coefficient of herbaceous layer plant species

χ²检验 χ²-test	极显著 Extremely significant	显著 Significant	不显著 No significant	总数 Total
正联结Positive association	272	32	160	464
负联结Negative association	263	145	1 273	1 681
Pearson相关系数Pearson correlation coefficient	极显著	显著	不显著	总数
正联结Positive association	141	43	297	481
负联结Negative association	1	8	1 655	1 664
Spearman秩相关系数Rank correlation coefficient	极显著	显著	不显著	总数
正联结Positive association	207	84	349	610
负联结Negative association	10	39	1 450	1 535

表5 灌木层χ2统计检验、Pearson相关系数、Spearman秩相关系数

Tab.5 The comparison of χ2-test coefficient, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Spearman’s correlation coefficient of shrub layer plant species

χ²检验 χ²-test	极显著 Extremely significant	显著 Significant	不显著 No significant	总数 Total
正联结Positive association	24	5	31	60
负联结Negative association	23	15	133	171
Pearson相关系数Pearson correlation coefficient	极显著	显著	不显著	总数
正联结Positive association	13	3	25	41
负联结Negative association	0	1	189	190
Spearman秩相关系数Rank correlation coefficient	极显著	显著	不显著	总数
正联结Positive association	18	3	51	74
负联结Negative association	3	8	147	157

图2 灌木层种间关联性χ2全矩阵

Fig. 2 Matrix of interspecific correction χ2 of association main population in shrub layer

图3 草本层Jaccard指数全矩阵

Fig. 3 Matrix of Jaccard in herbaceous layer

图4 草本层种间关联Dice指数全矩阵

Fig. 4 Matrix of Dice of interspecific association in herbaceous layer

图5 草本层种间关联Ochiai指数全矩阵

Fig. 5 Matrix of Ochiai of interspecific association in herbaceous layer

图6 灌木层Jaccard全矩阵

Fig. 6 Matrix of Jaccard in shrub layer

图7 灌木层种间关联Dice指数全矩阵

Fig.7 Matrix of Dice of interspecific association in shrub layer

图8 灌木层种间关联Ochiai指数全矩阵

Fig.8 Matrix of Ochiai of interspecific association in shrub layer

图9 草本层Pearson系数全矩阵

Fig.9 Matrix of Pearson’s coefficients of main population in herbaceous layer

图10 草本层Spearman秩相关系数全矩阵

Fig.10 Matrix of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients of main population in herbaceous layer

图11 灌木层Pearson相关系数全矩阵

Fig.11 Matrix of Pearson’s correlation coefficients of main population in shrub layer

图12 灌木层Spearman秩相关系数全矩阵

Fig. 12 Matrix of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients of main population in shrub layer

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