1978~2018年喀什地区土地利用及其生态服务价值变化

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.029

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (2): 502-511.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.029

• 农业装备工程与机械化·设施农业·畜牧兽医 • 上一篇下一篇

1978~2018年喀什地区土地利用及其生态服务价值变化

王建平¹(), 阿依努尔·买买提¹(), 庞朝悦¹, 马元旭²

1.中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所喀什卫星数据接收地面站,新疆喀什 844000
2.中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所数字地球重点实验室,北京 100094

收稿日期:2021-01-23 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2022-03-22
通信作者: 阿依努尔·买买提
作者简介:王建平(1984-),男,甘肃人,高级工程师,研究方向为干旱区水资源,(E-mail) wangjp@radi.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院数字地球重点实验室开放基金(2018LDE006);中科院“中国西部之光”项目(2019-XBQNXZ-A-008)

Variation in the Spatial Structure of Ecological Land Use and Its Ecosystem Service Value in Kashgar Prefecture from 1978 to 2018

WANG Jianping¹(), Aynur Mamat¹(), PANG Zhaoyue¹, MA Yuanxu²

1. Kashgar Satellite Data Receiving Station, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kashgar Xinjiang 844000, China
2. Key Laboratories of Digital Earth Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

Received:2021-01-23 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-03-22
Correspondence author: Aynur Mamat
Supported by:
Open fund project of Key Laboratory of digital earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences(2018LDE006);CAS "Light of West China" Program(2019-XBQNXZ-A-008)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究土地利用变化背景下生态系统服务功能改变对干旱区生态建设与区域可持续发展的影响,为新疆喀什地区土地利用规划提供依据和参考。【方法】 以1978、1988、1998、2008和2018年5期的土地利用遥感解译数据为基础,采用我国陆地生态系统服务价值测算方法,估算新疆喀什地区1978~2018年41a间各土地类型变化及其生态系统服务产生的影响。【结果】 (1)41a间,耕地、林地、湿地、建设用地和沙地面积扩大,而草地、水域、未利用地和盐碱地面积缩小;(2)41a间喀什地区总生态系统服务价值呈“减少—增加—减少”的变化趋势,呈现减少趋势。总生态系统服务价值从1978年的593.23×10⁸元减少到1988年的585.06×10⁸元,在1998年增加到592.89×10⁸元,而到2018年的生态服务价值又减少到552.70×10⁸元;(3)水源涵养和废物处理功能的价值贡献最大,而食物生产和原材料的价值贡献最小,新疆喀什地区生态服务功能属于调节性功能;(4)41a间,新疆喀什地区各土地类型各年份的生态系统服务价值敏感性指数均小于1,新疆喀什地区总生态系统服务价值对其价值系数缺乏弹性。【结论】 近41a来喀什地区土地利用变化与社会经济建设活动相吻合,引用生态服务价值系数运用于喀什地区土地利用变化对其生态系统服务功能变化的研究,有助于定量的分析喀什地区土地利用结构变化的生态效应。

关键词: 土地利用/覆盖变化(LULC); 生态服务价值(ESV); 敏感性指数(CS)

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study is to analyze the impacts of the ecosystem service function change on ecological construction and regional sustainable development in arid areas, and through this to provide scientific basis and practical reference for land use planning, ecological civilization construction and regional sustainable development of Kashgar Prefecture. 【Methods】 【Results】 (1) From 1978 to 2018, significant land use change happened in Kashgar. During the process of land use change, the area of cultivated land, forest land, wetland, construction land and sandy land increased while the area of grassland, water land, unused land and salinized land decreased. (2) From 1978 to 2018, the value of ecosystem services in Kashgar showed a "reducing-increasing-decreasing" trend, and the whole study period exhibited a decreasing trend. The total value of ecosystem services decreased from 593.2×10⁸ Yuan in 1978 to 585.1×10⁸ Yuan in 1988, and then increased to 592.9×10⁸ Yuan in 1998 then decreased to 552.7×10⁸ Yuan in 2018 again. (3) The analysis of the ecosystem service function composition indicated that the water supply and waste treatment function were the top ecological functions with high service value, while the food production and raw material function were the two low ecological functions with small service value. The result indicated that, the Kashgar ecosystem function belonged to regulating function. (4) From 1978 to 2018, the sensitivity index of ecosystem service value of each land type in Kashgar was less than 1, indicating that the value of ecosystem service in Kashgar lacked elasticity. 【Conclusion】 The study results indicated that, in the past 41 years, the land use change in Kashgar has coincided with social and economic construction activities, which explained that the application of the Eco-service value coefficient of Xie Gaodi in this study is helpful to the quantitatively analysis of the ecological effects of the land use structure change in Kashgar Prefecture.

Key words: land use and land cover change (LULC); ecosystem service value (ESV); sensitivity coefficient (CS)

中图分类号:

S159

王建平, 阿依努尔·买买提, 庞朝悦, 马元旭. 1978~2018年喀什地区土地利用及其生态服务价值变化[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(2): 502-511.

WANG Jianping, Aynur Mamat, PANG Zhaoyue, MA Yuanxu. Variation in the Spatial Structure of Ecological Land Use and Its Ecosystem Service Value in Kashgar Prefecture from 1978 to 2018[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(2): 502-511.

图/表 9

参考文献 22

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分级指数 Grading index	分级 Grading	土地利用类型 Land use type
1	未利用地级	未利用地、沙地和难以利用土地
2	林、水、草用地级	林地、水域、草地和湿地
3	农业用地级	耕地、人工草地、园地
4	城镇和村庄用地级	城镇、交通用地、居民点、工矿用地

分级指数 Grading index	分级 Grading	土地利用类型 Land use type
1	未利用地级	未利用地、沙地和难以利用土地
2	林、水、草用地级	林地、水域、草地和湿地
3	农业用地级	耕地、人工草地、园地
4	城镇和村庄用地级	城镇、交通用地、居民点、工矿用地

土地利用类型 Land use type	1978		1988		1998		2008		2018		1978 ~1988 (%)	1988 ~1998 (%)	1998 ~2008 (%)	2008 ~2018 (%)	1978 ~2018 (%)
土地利用类型 Land use type	(10³hm²)	%	(10³hm²)	%	(10³hm²)	%	(10³hm²)	%	(10³hm²)	%	1978 ~1988 (%)	1988 ~1998 (%)	1998 ~2008 (%)	2008 ~2018 (%)	1978 ~2018 (%)
耕地 Cultivated land	895.3	7.9	912.4	8.0	993.4	8.8	1 123.4	9.9	1 419	12.5	0.19	0.89	1.31	2.63	1.43
林地 Forest land	131.9	1.16	143.8	1.3	159.1	1.4	169	1.5	173.6	1.5	0.90	1.06	0.62	0.27	0.77
草地 Grassland	3 584.9	31.58	3 528.5	31.1	3 437.2	30.3	3 370.6	29.7	3 201.7	28.2	-0.16	-0.26	-0.19	-0.50	-0.26
水域 Water land	590.5	5.20	574.8	5.1	578.9	5.1	549.7	4.8	451.4	4.0	-0.27	0.07	-0.50	-1.79	-0.57
湿地 Wetland	55	0.48	52.8	0.5	59.3	0.5	44	0.4	59.5	0.5	-0.40	1.23	-2.58	3.52	0.20
建设用地 Construction land	29.5	0.26	33.1	0.3	35.4	0.3	38.3	0.3	84.7	0.7	1.22	0.69	0.82	12.11	4.56
未利用地 Unused land	3 278.1	28.88	3 397.8	29.9	3 224.5	28.4	3 104.2	27.3	3 035.6	26.7	0.37	-0.51	-0.37	-0.22	-0.18
沙地 Sandy land	2 452	21.60	2 372.5	20.9	2 529.8	22.3	2 620.9	23.1	2 714.3	23.9	-0.32	0.66	0.36	0.36	0.26
盐碱地 Salinized land	333.2	2.94	334.7	2.95	332.8	2.93	330.3	2.91	210.6	1.86	0.05	-0.06	-0.08	-3.62	-0.90

土地利用类型 Land use type	1978		1988		1998		2008		2018		1978 ~1988 (%)	1988 ~1998 (%)	1998 ~2008 (%)	2008 ~2018 (%)	1978 ~2018 (%)
土地利用类型 Land use type	(10³hm²)	%	(10³hm²)	%	(10³hm²)	%	(10³hm²)	%	(10³hm²)	%	1978 ~1988 (%)	1988 ~1998 (%)	1998 ~2008 (%)	2008 ~2018 (%)	1978 ~2018 (%)
耕地 Cultivated land	895.3	7.9	912.4	8.0	993.4	8.8	1 123.4	9.9	1 419	12.5	0.19	0.89	1.31	2.63	1.43
林地 Forest land	131.9	1.16	143.8	1.3	159.1	1.4	169	1.5	173.6	1.5	0.90	1.06	0.62	0.27	0.77
草地 Grassland	3 584.9	31.58	3 528.5	31.1	3 437.2	30.3	3 370.6	29.7	3 201.7	28.2	-0.16	-0.26	-0.19	-0.50	-0.26
水域 Water land	590.5	5.20	574.8	5.1	578.9	5.1	549.7	4.8	451.4	4.0	-0.27	0.07	-0.50	-1.79	-0.57
湿地 Wetland	55	0.48	52.8	0.5	59.3	0.5	44	0.4	59.5	0.5	-0.40	1.23	-2.58	3.52	0.20
建设用地 Construction land	29.5	0.26	33.1	0.3	35.4	0.3	38.3	0.3	84.7	0.7	1.22	0.69	0.82	12.11	4.56
未利用地 Unused land	3 278.1	28.88	3 397.8	29.9	3 224.5	28.4	3 104.2	27.3	3 035.6	26.7	0.37	-0.51	-0.37	-0.22	-0.18
沙地 Sandy land	2 452	21.60	2 372.5	20.9	2 529.8	22.3	2 620.9	23.1	2 714.3	23.9	-0.32	0.66	0.36	0.36	0.26
盐碱地 Salinized land	333.2	2.94	334.7	2.95	332.8	2.93	330.3	2.91	210.6	1.86	0.05	-0.06	-0.08	-3.62	-0.90

1978~1988	1978~1988	1988~1998	1988~1998	1998~2008	1998~2008	2008~2018	2008~2018	1978~2018	1988~2018
I_d	R	I_d	R	I_d	R	I_d	R	I_d	R
115.33	-0.10	191.19	0.59	247.57	0.95	325.80	1.71	389.23	2.66

1978~2018年喀什地区土地利用及其生态服务价值变化

Variation in the Spatial Structure of Ecological Land Use and Its Ecosystem Service Value in Kashgar Prefecture from 1978 to 2018

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参考文献 22

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Metrics

年份 Year	耕地 Cultivated land	林地 Forest land	草地 Crassland	水域 Water land	湿地 Wetland	建设用地 Construc tion land	未利用地 Unused land	沙地 Sandy land	盐碱地 Salinized land	合计 Total
1978	59.89	16.66	187.88	263.02	33.39	0.02	20.47	9.11	2.79	593.23
1988	61.03	18.16	184.93	256.03	32.05	0.03	21.22	8.81	2.80	585.06
1998	66.45	20.09	180.14	257.85	36.00	0.03	20.13	9.40	2.79	592.89
2008	75.15	21.34	176.65	244.85	26.71	0.03	19.38	9.73	2.76	576.62
2018	94.92	21.92	167.80	201.06	36.12	0.07	18.95	10.08	1.76	552.70

生态服务功能 Ecosystem services function	1978 (10⁸)	1988 (10⁸)	1998 (10⁸)	2008 (10⁸)	2018 (10⁸)	%	等级 Level	1978~1988 (10⁸)	1988~1998 (10⁸)	1998~2008 (10⁸)	2008~2018 (10⁸)	1978~2018 (10⁸)	势趋 Trend
气体调价Gas regulation	32.94	32.87	33.01	33.08	33.69	5.7	7	-0.07	0.14	0.07	0.62	0.76	↑
气候调价Climate regulation	48.89	48.49	49.83	47.93	51.46	8.5	5	-0.39	1.33	-1.90	3.54	2.57	↑
水源涵养Water supply	159.49	156.02	157.91	150.31	133.57	26.1	1	-3.48	1.90	-7.60	-16.74	-25.92	↓
土壤形成Soil formation	55.01	54.94	55.44	56.46	59.23	9.7	4	-0.07	0.51	1.01	2.77	4.22	↑
废物处理Waste treatment	155.45	152.47	155.00	148.77	137.40	25.8	2	-2.99	2.53	-6.23	-11.37	-18.05	↓
生物多样Biodiversity protection	67.83	67.26	67.78	67.29	66.14	11.6	3	-0.57	0.52	-0.48	-1.16	-1.69	↓
食物生产Food production	17.29	17.35	18.00	19.06	21.46	3.2	8	0.06	0.65	1.07	2.40	4.18	↑
原材料Raw material	9.14	9.24	9.35	9.46	9.52	1.6	9	0.10	0.11	0.12	0.05	0.38	↑
娱乐休闲Recreation and culture	47.19	46.44	46.58	44.25	40.22	7.7	6	-0.76	0.14	-2.33	-4.03	-6.97	↓
合计Total	593.23	585.06	592.89	576.62	552.70	100.0		-8.17	7.83	-16.27	-23.92	-40.53	↓

价值系数Value coefficient	1978(%)	CS	1988(%)	CS	1998(%)	CS	2008(%)	CS	2018(%)	CS
耕地 VC±50% Cultivated land VC±50%	5.05	0.101	5.24	0.105	5.60	0.112	6.52	0.130	8.59	0.172
林地 VC±50% Forest landVC±50%	1.40	0.028	1.56	0.031	1.69	0.034	1.85	0.037	1.98	0.040
草地 VC±50% GrasslandVC±50%	15.84	0.317	15.88	0.318	15.19	0.304	15.32	0.306	15.18	0.304
水域 VC±50% Water landVC±50%	22.17	0.443	21.99	0.440	21.75	0.435	21.23	0.425	18.19	0.364
湿地 VC±50% WetlandVC±50%	2.81	0.056	2.75	0.055	3.04	0.061	2.32	0.046	3.27	0.065
建设用地 VC±50% Construction land VC±50%	0.00	0.000	0.00	0.000	0.00	0.000	0.00	0.000	0.01	0.000
未利用地 VC±50% Unused landVC±50%	1.73	0.035	1.82	0.036	1.70	0.034	1.68	0.034	1.71	0.034
沙地 VC±50% Sandy land VC±50%	0.77	0.015	0.76	0.015	0.79	0.016	0.84	0.017	0.91	0.018
盐碱地 VC±50% Salinized landVC±50%	0.24	0.005	0.24	0.005	0.23	0.005	0.24	0.005	0.16	0.003