北疆棉区棉花黄萎病菌培养性状及致病力分化

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究新疆北疆棉区棉花黄萎病菌的致病类型、培养特性及致病力分化。【方法】 从北疆主要植棉区采集棉花黄萎病病株,利用大丽轮枝菌特异引物VDS-F/VDS-R、落叶型菌系特异性引物D1/D2、非落叶型菌系特异性引物ND1/ND2对所有分离的菌株进行检测;根据落叶型和非落叶型菌株在单个条田中所占的比例对田间地块进行分析;选取18个代表菌株对其在PDA上的培养特性及对棉花的致病力分析。【结果】 从北疆棉田病株上分离到644个大丽轮枝菌菌株,67.5%的菌株为落叶型菌系,27.8%为非落叶型菌系,4.7%菌株不能归类,供试菌株的致病类型存在分化,其中以落叶型菌系为主要致病类型。对田间地块进行分析,单一落叶型菌株发生的地块最多,其次是落叶型和非落叶型菌株混合发生地块,田间以落叶型菌株为优势菌株的地块占70.1%,落叶型菌系为田间地块的主要致病类型。18个代表性菌株形成菌核型、菌丝型和中间型3种菌落类型,菌核型为主要的培养类型,并进一步分化形成3种不同的类型。对棉花感病品种的致病力进行测定,落叶型菌株引起的病指普遍高于非落叶型菌株引起的病指,非落叶型菌株中也有病指很高的菌株,北疆棉花黄萎病菌的致病力存在明显分化。【结论】 北疆棉田采集的棉花黄萎病菌,其致病类型、培养特性及致病力均存在明显分化。

关键词: 大丽轮枝菌; 致病类型; 培养特性; 致病力

Abstract: 【Objective】 This research focuses on determining the pathotypes, cultural characteristics and pathogenicity differentiation of Verticillium dahliae from cottons in Northern Xinjiang. 【Method】 All strains isolated from infected cotton plants were detected with specific primer pair VDS-F and VDS-R for V. dahliae, with specific primer pair D1 and D2 for defoliating strain, with specific primer pair ND1 and ND2 for non-defoliating strain, respectively. Field plots were analyzed according to the proportion of the defoliating and non-defoliating strains in every plot. 18 representative strains of V. dahliae were selected to investigate their cultural characteristics on PDA media and virulence to cotton seedling. 【Result】 All 644 strains isolated from infected cotton plants were determined to be V. dahliae, and the defoliating and non-defoliating strains accounted for 67.5% and 27.8%, respectively, 4.7% strains could not be classified into defoliating or non-defoliating strains, indicating that the pathogenic types of the tested strains were differentiated, among which defoliating strain was the main pathotype. Analysis of field plots showed that the plots only with defoliating strains were the most, and then mixed plots with defoliating strains and non-defoliating strains. 70.1% of the field plots were dominated by defoliating strains, suggesting that defoliating strains had become the main pathogenic type in the fields. The results of cultural characteristics on PDA media showed that 18 representative strains produced three colony morphologies: sclerotium type, hyphal type and intermediate type. Sclerotium type colony was the main culture type and further differentiated into three different colony types. The infection assays displayed that the average disease index of cotton seedling infected with defoliating strains was higher than that of non-defoliating strains, and there were strains with high disease index among the non-defoliating strains. 【Conclusion】 The differentiation of pathogenic types, culture characteristics and virulence exist in strains of V. dahliae from cotton fields in northern Xinjiang.

Key words: Verticillium dahliae; pathotype; cultural characteristics; pathogenicity

中图分类号:

S435.621

蔡梦杭,徐灿,刘启,俞燕,黄家风. 北疆棉区棉花黄萎病菌培养性状及致病力分化[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(1): 93-103.

CAI Meng-hang, XU Can, LIU Qi, YU Yan, HUANG Jia-feng. Cultural Characteristics and Pathogenicity Differentiation among Strains of Verticillium dahliae from Cottons in Northern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(1): 93-103.

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