不同生育期红三叶草营养成分含量变化研究

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】比较不同生育期红三叶草的生长情况和主要营养物质含量变化,为红三叶草种植及适时收获提供参考依据。【方法】以不同生育期红三叶草为研究对象,测定其生长性能指标和营养成分指标,分别在两个收获期(即第一茬和第二茬)初花期和盛花期测定红三叶草的生长性能指标;并在每个生育期采集10个1 m²样方的鲜草,自然风干后,分别测定红三叶草干物质(DM)、粗灰分(Ash)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)的含量。【结果】在生产性能方面,第一茬盛花期在株高、鲜草产量、干草产量方面极显著高于初花期(P＜0.01),分别高出27.65%、69.94%、76.96%;第二茬盛花期的株高、干草产量极显著高于初花期(P＜0.01),分别为15.23%和47.67%,但在鲜草产量方面差异不显著(P＞0.05);在营养物质含量方面,第一茬盛花期的NDF和ADF含量分别显著高于初花期5.24%(P＜0.05)和27.06%(P＜0.05),而第一茬盛花期的Ash和Ca分别显著低于初花期8.73%(P＜0.05)和13.50%(P＜0.05),但在DM、CP和P含量方面均无显著性差异(P＜0.05);第二茬盛花期的NDF和ADF含量分别显著高出初花期5.82%(P＜0.05)和9.20%(P＜0.05),而第二茬盛花期的Ca和P含量方面分别极显著低于初花期6.57%(P＜0.01)和24.14%(P＜0.01),但在DM、Ash和CP含量方面未达到显著水平(P＞0.05);综合来看,在生产性能方面,第一茬的鲜草产量和干草产量比第二茬分别显著高出46.50%和35.30%(P＜0.05);在营养物质含量方面,第一茬的Ca、NDF和ADF含量比第二茬分别显著高出16.54%(P＜0.05)、23.09%(P＜0.05)和29.54%(P＜0.05),而在DM、Ash、CP和P方面,第一茬与第二茬相比差异不显著(P＞0.05)。【结论】红三叶草两个茬次的盛花期在Ash、Ca、P含量均显著低于初花期,而NDF、ADF含量均高于初花期,但是,两个茬次的不同生育期在CP含量方面差异不显著,在株高、产量方面分别显著或极显著高于初花期,在盛花期刈割为宜。

关键词: 红三叶草; 生长时期; 营养价值

Abstract: 【Objective】 The red clover in different growth stages as the research object, this experiment aims to provide reference for local red clover planting and harvesting timely through the measurement of its growth performance and nutrient index, and through the comparison of the conditions in different growth stages and changes in main nutrient contents in food.【Method】The growth performance indexes of red clover were measured at the early flowering stage and the two harvest time (the first harvest time and the second harvest time), namely, the early flowering stage and the full-bloom stage, and 10 1 m² of fresh grass were collected at each growth stage. After natural withering, the contents of DM, Ash, CP, NDF, ADF, Ca and P were measured separately.【Result】In terms of production performance, the plant height, fresh grass yield and hay yield in the first full-bloom stage were significantly higher than those in the early flowering stage (P <0.01), 27.65%, 69.94% and 76.96% higher respectively. The plant height and hay yield in the second full-bloom stage were significantly higher than those in the early flowering stage (P<0.01), 15.23% and 47.67% higher respectively, but there was no significant difference in fresh grass yield (P> 0.05). In terms of nutrient content, the contents of NDF and ADF in the first full-bloom stage were significantly higher than those in the early flowering stage (P <0.05), 5.24% and 27.06% higher respectively, and the contents of Ash and Ca in the full-bloom stage were significantly lower than those in the early flowering stage (P <0.05), 8.73% and 13.50% lower respectively, but there was no significant difference in DM, CP and P contents (P<0.05). The contents of NDF and ADF in the second full-bloom stage were significantly higher than those in the early flowering stage (P <0.05), 5.82% and 9.20% higher respectively, and the contents of Ca and P in the second full-bloom stage were significantly lower than those in the early flowering stage (P＜0.01), 6.57% and 24.14% lower respectively, but there was no significant difference in DM, Ash and CP contents (P＞0.05). On the whole, in terms of production performance, the fresh grass yield and hay yield in the first full-bloom stage were significantly higher than those in the second full-bloom stage(P<0.05), 46.50% and 35.30% higher respectively. In terms of nutrient contents, the contents of Ca, NDF and ADF in the first full-bloom stage were significantly higher than those in the second full-bloom stage (P <0.05), 16.54%, 23.09% and 29.54% higher respectively, but there was no significant difference in the contents of DM, Ash, CP and P in the first harvest time and second harvest time (P> 0.05).【Conclusion】Based on the results of this test, the contents of Ash, Ca and P of red clover in the two full-bloom stages are significantly lower than those in the early flowering stage, while the contents of NDF and ADF in the two full-bloom stages are higher than those in the early flowering stage. However, there was no significant difference in the CP content between the two full-bloom stages, and the plant height and yield in the two full-bloom stages are significantly higher than those in the early flowering stage. Therefore, in order to maximize the value of red clover, red clover should be harvested in the full-bloom stages.

Key words: red clover; growth period; nutritional value

中图分类号:

S541.⁺2

刘亚伟, 张延辉, 赵芳, 谭世新, 陈俊宏, 杨开伦. 不同生育期红三叶草营养成分含量变化研究[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2017, 54(8): 1531-1539.

LIU Ya-wei, ZHANG Yan-hui, ZHAO Fang, TAN Shi-xin, CHEN Jun-hong, YANG Kai-lun. Effects of Different Growth Stages on the Nutrient Composition of Red Clover[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 54(8): 1531-1539.

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