Study on spatial distribution characteristics of walnut root system under regulated deficit drip irrigation

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.014

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 this paper mainly aims to analyze the distribution characteristics of effective root length less than 2 mm and establish the density function of effective root length to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of walnut roots under different regulated deficit irrigation.【Methods】The effect of Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigation on the spatial distribution of effective root system of walnut tree was studied by excavating the pre-set small soil block (30×20×20) cm by using 14-year-old Wen 185 walnut tree as test material.【Results】It was found that the total effective root length distribution of walnut trees in W₀, W₃ and W₄ showed a single peak curve in different deficit regulation drip irrigation treatments, and the total effective root length of each deficit regulation treatment was the largest at 20-40 cm, which were 50,959, 74,067 and 55,678 cm, respectively.Based on the one-dimensional effective root length density distribution of walnut trees, it was concluded that the root length density of different treatments at different soil depths conformed to exponential distribution, and the root length density of different treatments at different horizontal distances from walnut trees accorded with polynomial distribution.According to the two-dimensional effective root length density distribution of walnut trees, whether it was the change of effective root length along the row direction with the depth of soil layer or the change of effective root length along the plant direction with the depth of soil layer, W₀, W₃ and W₄ treatments all showed that the depth of soil layer was 20-40 cm, and the maximum was 30-60 cm away from the row direction of walnut trees, which was 11,794, 22,753 and 14,119 cm.【Conclusion】The effects of different Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigation Treatments on the spatial distribution of walnut roots are as follows: root growth of W₃ > root growth of W₄ > root growth of W₀.

Key words: walnut tree; deficit drip irrigation; root system; space distribution

摘要：

【目的】分析小于2 mm的滴灌核桃有效吸水根系分布特性,建立有效根长密度函数,研究不同调亏灌溉对核桃树根系空间分布特性,为滴灌核桃精准调亏灌溉提供理论依据。【方法】以14年生温185核桃树为试材,采用30 cm×20 cm×20 cm的分段分层法,取样分析有效吸水根系(d<2 mm)分布特征,研究调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树有效根系空间分布的影响。【结果】在不同调亏灌溉处理中,W₀、W₃、W₄的核桃树有效总根长分布总体变化趋势表现为单峰曲线,且各个调亏处理在20~40 cm有效总根长最大,分别为50 959、74 067、55 678 cm。不同处理下垂直方向根长密度一维符合指数分布,且水平方向根长密度符合多项式分布。W₀、W₃、W₄各处理有效根长均表现出土层深度在20~40 cm,在距离核桃树行向30~60 cm处最大,分别为11 794、22 753、14 119 cm。【结论】不同调亏灌溉处理下,滴灌核桃树根系有效生长密度表现为W₃>W₄>W₀,调亏滴灌灌溉模式使核桃吸水根系更靠近地表生长。

关键词: 核桃树, 调亏灌溉, 有效吸水根系, 空间分布

CLC Number:

S664

LIU Junqing, LIANG Guocheng, ZHANG Xin, WANG Qingyong, ZHAO Jinghua. Study on spatial distribution characteristics of walnut root system under regulated deficit drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1160-1171.

刘钧庆, 梁国成, 张欣, 王庆勇, 赵经华. 调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树根系空间分布特征的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1160-1171.

Figures/Tables 16

References 36

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生育期 Growth Period	时间 Time(M/D)	W₀	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₄
萌芽期(Ⅰ) Germination stage (Ⅰ)	4/11-4/27	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	50%ET_C	75%ET_C
开花坐果期(Ⅱ) Flowering and fruiting period (Ⅱ)	4/28-5/25	ET_C	50%ETc	75%ET_C	50%ETc	75%ET_C
果实膨大期(Ⅲ) Fruit Expansion Stage (Ⅲ)	5/26-6/23	ET_C	75%ET_C	ET_C	50%ET_C	75%ET_C
硬核期(Ⅳ) Hard Core Stage (Ⅳ)	6/24-7/19	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C
油脂转化期(Ⅴ) Oil conversion period (Ⅴ)	7/20-8/31	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C
成熟期(Ⅵ) Maturity period (Ⅵ)	9/01-9/25	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C

生育期 Growth Period	时间 Time(M/D)	W₀	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₄
萌芽期(Ⅰ) Germination stage (Ⅰ)	4/11-4/27	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	50%ET_C	75%ET_C
开花坐果期(Ⅱ) Flowering and fruiting period (Ⅱ)	4/28-5/25	ET_C	50%ETc	75%ET_C	50%ETc	75%ET_C
果实膨大期(Ⅲ) Fruit Expansion Stage (Ⅲ)	5/26-6/23	ET_C	75%ET_C	ET_C	50%ET_C	75%ET_C
硬核期(Ⅳ) Hard Core Stage (Ⅳ)	6/24-7/19	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C
油脂转化期(Ⅴ) Oil conversion period (Ⅴ)	7/20-8/31	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C
成熟期(Ⅵ) Maturity period (Ⅵ)	9/01-9/25	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C

土层 Soil layer (cm)	密度 Density (g/cm³)	土壤粒径比例Soil particle size ratio (%)				土壤性质 Soil properties
土层 Soil layer (cm)	密度 Density (g/cm³)	<0.002 mm	0.002~0.05 mm	0.05~2 mm	>2 mm	土壤性质 Soil properties
0~20	1.38	7.0	56.5	36.5	0	粉砂壤土
20~40	1.42	7.2	67.9	24.9	0	粉砂壤土
40~60	1.40	2.9	15.8	81.3	0	壤砂土
60~80	1.38	0.1	1.7	98.2	0	细砂
80~100	1.35	0.2	8.0	91.8	0	细砂

土层 Soil layer (cm)	密度 Density (g/cm³)	土壤粒径比例Soil particle size ratio (%)				土壤性质 Soil properties
土层 Soil layer (cm)	密度 Density (g/cm³)	<0.002 mm	0.002~0.05 mm	0.05~2 mm	>2 mm	土壤性质 Soil properties
0~20	1.38	7.0	56.5	36.5	0	粉砂壤土
20~40	1.42	7.2	67.9	24.9	0	粉砂壤土
40~60	1.40	2.9	15.8	81.3	0	壤砂土
60~80	1.38	0.1	1.7	98.2	0	细砂
80~100	1.35	0.2	8.0	91.8	0	细砂

土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	相对土层深度 Relative soil depth	有效根长密度 Effective root length density (cm/cm³)			相对有效根长密度 Relative effective root length density
土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	相对土层深度 Relative soil depth	W₀	W₃	W₄	W₀	W₃	W₄
20	0.2	0.051	0.088	0.079	0.205	0.516	0.427
40	0.3	0.123	0.247	0.186	0.721	1.000	1.000
60	0.5	0.170	0.130	0.129	1.000	0.527	0.698
80	0.7	0.075	0.040	0.071	0.440	0.160	0.384
100	0.8	0.052	0.005	0.041	0.309	0.021	0.219
120	1.0	0.066	0.022	0.039	0.390	0.090	0.212