Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to comprehensively analyze the current status of licorice cultivation in Xinjiang and provide references for the sustainable development of the licorice industry in the region. 【Methods】 Through literature review, field investigation, and statistical analysis, the current situation of licorice cultivation in Xinjiang was examined. 【Results】 Xinjiang is rich in licorice germplasm resources, including Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin, and Glycyrrhiza glabra L., all of which are recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. By 2025, the total planting area across all prefectures and cities in Xinjiang is expected to reach 240,000 mu. The primary planting methods employed are high-density direct seeding and row seeding, with a seeding density ranging from 42,000 to 46,000 plants per mu. The fresh herb yield over a three-year period ranges from 1.2 to 2.0 tons per mu. However, most seeds are imported from Inner Mongolia and Gansu, and seed purity is generally low, often contaminated with other licorice varieties. Licorice is primarily sold as raw material to the mainland, with limited processing, a short industrial chain, and low product added value. In Altay Prefecture, the frost-free period is relatively short and the soil layer is shallow, which is not conducive to root development, making it a sub-optimal area for licorice cultivation. In contrast, the green oasis agricultural areas in southern Xinjiang feature sandy soil, a long frost-free period, deep soil layers, and an abundant labor force, making them highly suitable for licorice cultivation. 【Conclusion】 Xinjiang is currently the largest licorice production area in China and possesses significant resource advantages. Licorice exhibits strong drought and salt-alkali tolerance, making it a promising medicinal plant for adjusting the agricultural industrial structure and for use in windbreak and sand fixation projects. Northern Xinjiang's Altay region is the second most suitable area for licorice cultivation, southern Xinjiang is the most suitable area, and other regions in Xinjiang are generally suitable for licorice cultivation. The main bottlenecks restricting the development of the licorice industry include insufficient seed sources at the upstream stage and inadequate processing capabilities at the downstream stage of the industrial chain.

Key words: licorice; cultivation status; advantage

摘要：

【目的】 分析新疆甘草种植现状,为新疆甘草产业发展提供参考。【方法】 采用文献检索、实地调研等途径,运用统计学方法,分析新疆甘草种植现状。【结果】 新疆甘草种质资源丰富,有乌拉尔甘草、胀果甘草、光果甘草,均为药典种;2025年新疆各地州甘草种植面积为1.69×10⁴ hm²(25.3万亩),种植方式采用高密度直播和条播方式,直播种植密度为4.2×10⁴~4.6×10⁴穴/667m²,3年鲜草产量在1.2~2.0 t/667m²,种子多从内蒙古自治区、甘肃省调种,种子纯度不够,常混杂甘草其他种;甘草常作为原料销往内地,加工不足,产业链不长,产品附加值低。新疆阿勒泰地区无霜期短,土层薄,土下有石头或碎石,不利于甘草根系生长,为次适宜区;新疆南疆绿洲农区多为沙土,无霜期长,土层深厚,劳动力充足,为甘草适宜种植区。【结论】 新疆是我国最大的甘草产区,具有资源和种植优势。甘草耐旱耐盐碱,可作为农业产业结构调整和防风固沙的一种重要药用植物,北疆阿勒泰地区为甘草不适宜区,部分地区为次适宜区,或者可作为甘草的制种基地,南疆为甘草最适宜区,新疆其他地区为甘草适宜区;产业链前端种源与后端加工不足是制约产业发展主要因素。

关键词: 甘草, 种植现状, 优势