Abstract:

【Objective】 Taking jujube as an example, this paper summarized the occurrence and control status of fruit diseases and insect pests in Xinjiang, identified the existing problems in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, and put forward relevant countermeasures, so as to provide reference for the high-quality development of forest fruit industry in Xinjiang.【Methods】 Literature data collection, field investigation, statistics, literature analysis and other methods were used to summarize and analyze. 【Results】 The species of major diseases and insect pests of jujube in Xinjiang increased with the growth of planting years, tree age and the frequent transport of forest fruit products. Jujube gall midge, macrococcus jujube, pear garden scale, Phyllophorus truncatus, jujube fruit-bearing disease and black spot disease were common in jujube orchard. In the main planting area of jujube jujube, the occurrence rate of jujube mite was 22.50%. The occurrence rate of jujube mite was 22.50%. In the main planting area of jujube jujube, the incidence rate of jujube mite was 22.50%. The incidence of jujube gall mosquito was 28.65%. Jujube gall mosquito, jujube macrococcus, pear garden scale, Phyllophorus fruticosus, jujube fruticosis and black spot were common in jujube gardens in the main planting areas of jujube in Hotan area. The incidence of jujube gall mosquito was 9.50% and that of jujube mites was 14.00%. In the main planting area of jujube in Ruoqiang County, Bayingoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture (Bazhou for short), jujube gall midge, jujube macrococcus, pear garden scale, and phyllococcus frustalis were common in jujube orchard. The incidence of jujube gall midge was 10.00%, and the incidence of phyllococcus frustalis was 11.00%. 【Conclusion】 With the growth of jujube planting years in Xinjiang, the types of major diseases and insect pests are increasing, and the resistance of traditional major diseases and insects is increasing. Jujube gall midge, jujube macrococcus, pear garden scale, Phyllophorus transversalis, jujube shrinkage disease and black spot disease are common in jujube orchard.

Key words: fruit trees; pests and diseases; take place; prevention and cure

摘要：

【目的】以红枣为例,汇总新疆枣树病虫害发生与防治现状,找出病虫害防控存在的问题,并提出相关对策,为新疆林果产业高质量发展提供参考。【方法】采用文献资料收集、实地调研获取数据,运用统计学、文献分析等方法整理汇总分析。【结果】随着新疆红枣种年限增长、树龄增大以及林果产品频繁调运,红枣病虫害种类不断增多。枣瘿蚊、枣大球蚧、梨园蚧、截形叶螨、枣缩果病和黑斑病在枣园普遍发生;在喀什地区红枣主要种植区枣瘿蚊、枣大球蚧、梨园蚧、截形叶螨、枣缩果病和黑斑病普遍发生,其中截形叶螨发生率为22.50%,阿克苏地区红枣主要种植区枣瘿蚊、枣大球蚧、梨园蚧、截形叶螨、枣缩果病和黑斑病在枣园普遍发生,其中枣瘿蚊发生率为28.65%,和田地区红枣主要种植区枣瘿蚊、枣大球蚧、梨园蚧、截形叶螨、枣缩果病和黑斑病在枣园普遍发生,其中枣瘿蚊发生率为9.50%,截形叶螨发生率为14.00%,巴音郭楞蒙古自治州(简称巴州)若羌县红枣主要种植区枣瘿蚊、枣大球蚧、梨园蚧和截形叶螨在枣园普遍发生,其中枣瘿蚊发生率为10.00%,截形叶螨发生率为11.00%。【结论】随着新疆红枣种植年限的增长,病虫害种类不断增多,传统病虫抗药性增强,枣瘿蚊、枣大球蚧、梨园蚧、截形叶螨、枣缩果病和黑斑病在枣园普遍发生。

关键词: 果树, 病虫害, 发生, 防治