Research on the Construction of Modern Agricultural Technology InnovationSystem and Its Development Countermeasures

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.028

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 this study provides a scientific basis for modern agricultural innovation and development in urban areas by constructing an agricultural technology innovation system. 【Methods】 For this feature, taking Tianjin as an example, The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to construct an agricultural science and technology innovation system including decision-making goals, intermediate indicators and alternatives, and with the aid of yaahp software, the weight of each indicator can be determined to provide a basis for scientific decision-making. 【Results】 According to the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the comprehensive evaluation score in 2018 is 0.859,3. Among them: (1) The investment level score is 0.277,8, indicating that the investment in the construction of Tianjin's modern agricultural science and technology innovation system can still maintain a relatively high level. (2) The score of the innovation environment is only 0.079,9, which is relatively low. It can be concluded that the innovation environment needs to be further optimized. (3) The operating performance score is 0.138,7, indicating that its overall operation is relatively good. (4) The output capability standard is worth 0.362,9, which shows that the output capability of its innovation system is relatively strong. 【Conclusion】 breaking the system and mechanism barriers has become an urgent problem (W₁=0.451,7), and increasing investment is still the focus of future work (W₂=0.316,7), management innovation is an effective way to improve the efficiency of innovation (W₃=0.231,5), by which the deep integration of the agricultural innovation chain and the industrial chain is promoted, and the competitiveness of modern agriculture enhanced.

Key words: modern agriculture; innovation system; countermeasures

摘要：

【目的】研究构建农业科技创新体系,为都市地区现代农业创新发展提供科学依据。【方法】以天津市为例,采用层次分析法(AHP)的方法,构建包括决策目标、中间层指标以及备选方案等在内的农业科技创新体系,并借助yaahp软件,确定各指标的权重。【结果】2018年综合评价得分为0.859 3。其中:(1)投入水平得分为0.277 8,在天津市现代农业科技创新体系建设中投入仍能维持较高水平。(2)创新环境得分仅为0.079 9,相对比较低,可得出其创新环境需要进一步优化。(3)运行绩效得分0.138 7,其整体运行情况较好。(4)产出能力标准值得分为0.362 9,其创新体系产出能力较强。【结论】破解体制机制障碍成为迫切问题(W₁=0.451 7),加大投入仍是未来工作的重点(W₂=0.316 7),管理创新是提升系统创新的效率的有效途径(W₃=0.231 5),推进农业科技创新链和产业链深度融合,增强农业竞争力。

关键词: 现代农业, 创新体系, 对策

CLC Number:

GUO Hua, SHI Jialin, LI jin, SUN Guoxing, LIU Huixiang, YIN Chuan. Research on the Construction of Modern Agricultural Technology InnovationSystem and Its Development Countermeasures[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(1): 242-250.

郭华, 史佳林, 李瑾, 孙国兴, 刘会想, 尹川. 现代农业科技创新体系评估分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(1): 242-250.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1 Index pair comparison based on "1-9 scale method"

标度 Intensity of impor tance	含义Explanation
1	表示2个元素相比,具有同样重要性
3	表示2个元素相比,一个元素比另一个元素稍微重要
5	表示2个元素相比,一个元素比另一个元素明显重要
7	表示2个元素相比,一个元素比另一个元素强烈重要
9	表示2个元素相比,一个元素比另一个元素极端重要
2、4、6、8	表示上述相邻判断的中间值
倒数 reciprocal	含义相反

Fig.1 Weight judgment matrix of AHP

Table 2 Evaluation index system of modern agricultural innovation system in Tianjin and its annual date

	指标层 Index layer	单位 Unit	2006年	2010年	2015年	2018年
投入水平 Input level (Y₁)	财政科学技术支出(X₁₁)	10⁸元	18.28	43.25	120.82	106.68
	R&D发展经费支出(X₁₂)	10⁸元	95.24	229.56	510.18	492.40
	财政科技支出占一般公共预算支出比重(X₁₃)	%	3.37	3.20	3.74	3.44
	万人大专以上学历人数 (X₁₄)	人	1 206	1 701	2 285	2 885
	第一产业投资(X₁₅)	10⁸元	13.71	95.37	235.78	264.19
	农业科研人员总数(X₁₆)	人	642	618	587	1 342
创新环境 Innovation environment (Y₂)	R&D人员折合全时当量(X₂₁)	人年	37 164	587 71	124 321	99 490
	农业机构固定资产情况(X₂₂)	10⁸元	1.75	2.44	3.44	8.18
	科技培训情况(X₂₃)	人次	62 362	208 926	334 577	57 615
	全市生产总值增长率(X₂₄)	%	14.40	17.40	9.30	3.60
运行绩效 Operational performance (Y₃)	技术合同成交额(X₃₁)	10⁸元	58.86	119.79	539.18	725.26
	农业技术合同成交额(X₃₂)	10⁸元	0.19	3.59	7.99	5.12
	农业科技进步贡献率(X₃₃)	%	56.2	60.4	64.8	67
产出水平 Output level (Y₄)	农民人均可支配收入(X₄₁)	元	7 942	11 801	18 482	23 065
	农业总产值(X₄₂)	10⁸元	225.04	317.33	378.44	390.5
	每亩耕地创种植业产值(X₄₃)	元	1 791.62	2 499.50	3 123.03	3 714.99
	农业学术论文总数(X₄₄)	篇	268	295	173	345
	农业专利总数(X₄₅)	项	36	96	215	224

Table 3 Judgment matrix and relative weight of criterion-level indicators (Y1-Y4)

	投入水平 Input level (Y₁)	创新环境 Innovation environment (Y₂)	运行绩效 Operational performance (Y₃)	产出水平 Output level (Y₄)	W_i
投入水平 Input level (Y₁)	1	2	2	1	0.326 1
创新环境 Innovation environment (Y₂)		1	1	1/2	0.163
运行绩效 Operational performance (Y₃)			1	1/3	0.148
产出水平 Input level (Y₄)				1	0.362 9

Table 4 Judgement matrix and relative weight of Y1 layer

	${X_{1}}_{1}$	${X_{1}}_{2}$	${X_{1}}_{3}$	${X_{1}}_{4}$	X₁₅	X₁₆	${W_{1}}_{j}$
${X_{1}}_{1}$	1	1/2	1/2	1	1/2	2	0.126
X₁₂		1	1	3	2	2	0.267 8
X₁₃			1	1	2	2	0.214 9
X₁₄				1	2	2	0.166 4
X₁₅					1	1	0.127 5
X₁₆						1	0.097 4

Table 4 Judgement matrix and relative weight of Y1 layer

	${X_{1}}_{1}$	${X_{1}}_{2}$	${X_{1}}_{3}$	${X_{1}}_{4}$	X₁₅	X₁₆	${W_{1}}_{j}$
${X_{1}}_{1}$	1	1/2	1/2	1	1/2	2	0.126
X₁₂		1	1	3	2	2	0.267 8
X₁₃			1	1	2	2	0.214 9
X₁₄				1	2	2	0.166 4
X₁₅					1	1	0.127 5
X₁₆						1	0.097 4

Table 5 Judgement matrix and relative weight of Y 2 layer

	X₂₁	X₂₂	X₂₃	X₂₄	${W_{2}}_{j}$
X₂₁	1	2	1/2	1/2	0.190 6
X₂₂		1	1/2	1/3	0.120 5
X₂₃			1	1/2	0.270 7
X₂₄				1	0.4182

Table 5 Judgement matrix and relative weight of Y 2 layer

	X₂₁	X₂₂	X₂₃	X₂₄	${W_{2}}_{j}$
X₂₁	1	2	1/2	1/2	0.190 6
X₂₂		1	1/2	1/3	0.120 5
X₂₃			1	1/2	0.270 7
X₂₄				1	0.4182

Table 6 Judgement matrix and relative weight of Y 3 layer

	${X_{3}}_{1}$	X₃₂	X₃₃	${W_{3}}_{j}$
X₃₁	1	3	1	0.443 4
X₃₂		1	1/2	0.169 2
X₃₃			1	0.387 4

Table 6 Judgement matrix and relative weight of Y 3 layer

	${X_{3}}_{1}$	X₃₂	X₃₃	${W_{3}}_{j}$
X₃₁	1	3	1	0.443 4
X₃₂		1	1/2	0.169 2
X₃₃			1	0.387 4

Table 7 Judgement matrix and relative weight of Y 4 layer

	X₄₁	X₄₂	X₄₃	X₄₄	X₄₅	${W_{4}}_{j}$
X₄₁	1	2	1/2	2	3	0.268 2
X₄₂		1	1/2	2	1	0.155 9
X₄₃			1	2	2	0.322 4
X₄₄				1	1/2	0.106 3
X₄₅					1	0.147 3

Table 7 Judgement matrix and relative weight of Y 4 layer

	X₄₁	X₄₂	X₄₃	X₄₄	X₄₅	${W_{4}}_{j}$
X₄₁	1	2	1/2	2	3	0.268 2
X₄₂		1	1/2	2	1	0.155 9
X₄₃			1	2	2	0.322 4
X₄₄				1	1/2	0.106 3
X₄₅					1	0.147 3

Table 8 Comprehensive weights and evaluation scores of Tianjin's modern agricultural science and technology innovation system

准则层 Rule layer	指标层 Index layer	${w_{i}}_{j}$	2006年	2010年	2015年	2018年
投入水平 Input level (Y₁)	财政科学技术支出(X₁₁)	0.041 1	0.000 0	0.010 0	0.041 1	0.035 4
	R&D发展经费支出(X₁₂)	0.087 3	0.000 0	0.028 3	0.087 3	0.083 6
	财政科技支出占一般公共预算支出比重(X₁₃)	0.070 1	0.022 1	0.000 0	0.070 1	0.031 2
	万人大专以上学历人数 (X₁₄)	0.054 3	0.000 0	0.016 0	0.034 9	0.054 3
	第一产业投资(X₁₅)	0.041 6	0.000 0	0.013 6	0.036 9	0.041 6
	农业科研人员总数(X₁₆)	0.031 8	0.002 3	0.001 3	0.000 0	0.031 8
创新环境 Innovation environment (Y₂)	R&D人员折合全时当量(X₂₁)	0.068 2	0.000 0	0.016 9	0.068 2	0.048 8
	农业机构固定资产情况(X₂₂)	0.031 1	0.000 0	0.003 3	0.008 2	0.031 1
	科技培训情况(X₂₃)	0.019 6	0.000 3	0.010 7	0.019 6	0.000 0
	全市生产总值增长率(X₂₄)	0.044 1	0.034 5	0.044 1	0.018 2	0.000 0
运行绩效 Operational performance (Y₃)	技术合同成交额(X₃₁)	0.065 6	0.000 0	0.006 0	0.047 3	0.065 6
	农业技术合同成交额(X₃₂)	0.025	0.000 0	0.010 9	0.025 0	0.015 8
	农业科技进步贡献率(X₃₃)	0.057 3	0.000 0	0.024 2	0.041 9	0.057 3
产出水平 Output level (Y₄)	农民人均可支配收入(X₄₁)	0.097 3	0.000 0	0.024 8	0.067 8	0.097 3
	农业总产值(X₄₂)	0.056 6	0.000 0	0.031 6	0.052 5	0.056 6
	每亩耕地创种植业产值(X₄₃)	0.117	0.000 0	0.043 1	0.081 0	0.117 0
	农业学术论文总数(X₄₄)	0.038 6	0.021 3	0.027 4	0.000 0	0.038 6
	农业专利总数(X₄₅)	0.053 4	0.000 0	0.017 0	0.050 8	0.053 4
最终得分			0.080 6	0.329 2	0.750 7	0.859 3

Table 8 Comprehensive weights and evaluation scores of Tianjin's modern agricultural science and technology innovation system

准则层 Rule layer	指标层 Index layer	${w_{i}}_{j}$	2006年	2010年	2015年	2018年
投入水平 Input level (Y₁)	财政科学技术支出(X₁₁)	0.041 1	0.000 0	0.010 0	0.041 1	0.035 4
	R&D发展经费支出(X₁₂)	0.087 3	0.000 0	0.028 3	0.087 3	0.083 6
	财政科技支出占一般公共预算支出比重(X₁₃)	0.070 1	0.022 1	0.000 0	0.070 1	0.031 2
	万人大专以上学历人数 (X₁₄)	0.054 3	0.000 0	0.016 0	0.034 9	0.054 3
	第一产业投资(X₁₅)	0.041 6	0.000 0	0.013 6	0.036 9	0.041 6
	农业科研人员总数(X₁₆)	0.031 8	0.002 3	0.001 3	0.000 0	0.031 8
创新环境 Innovation environment (Y₂)	R&D人员折合全时当量(X₂₁)	0.068 2	0.000 0	0.016 9	0.068 2	0.048 8
	农业机构固定资产情况(X₂₂)	0.031 1	0.000 0	0.003 3	0.008 2	0.031 1
	科技培训情况(X₂₃)	0.019 6	0.000 3	0.010 7	0.019 6	0.000 0
	全市生产总值增长率(X₂₄)	0.044 1	0.034 5	0.044 1	0.018 2	0.000 0
运行绩效 Operational performance (Y₃)	技术合同成交额(X₃₁)	0.065 6	0.000 0	0.006 0	0.047 3	0.065 6
	农业技术合同成交额(X₃₂)	0.025	0.000 0	0.010 9	0.025 0	0.015 8
	农业科技进步贡献率(X₃₃)	0.057 3	0.000 0	0.024 2	0.041 9	0.057 3
产出水平 Output level (Y₄)	农民人均可支配收入(X₄₁)	0.097 3	0.000 0	0.024 8	0.067 8	0.097 3
	农业总产值(X₄₂)	0.056 6	0.000 0	0.031 6	0.052 5	0.056 6
	每亩耕地创种植业产值(X₄₃)	0.117	0.000 0	0.043 1	0.081 0	0.117 0
	农业学术论文总数(X₄₄)	0.038 6	0.021 3	0.027 4	0.000 0	0.038 6
	农业专利总数(X₄₅)	0.053 4	0.000 0	0.017 0	0.050 8	0.053 4
最终得分			0.080 6	0.329 2	0.750 7	0.859 3

Table 9 Evaluation scores of Tianjin's modern agricultural science and technology innovation system based on the criteria layer

	2006年	2010年	2015年	2018年
投入水平 Input level	0.024 4	0.069 1	0.270 3	0.277 8
创新环境 Innovation environment	0.034 8	0.075 1	0.114 2	0.079 9
运行绩效 Operational performance	0.000 0	0.041 1	0.114 2	0.138 7
产出水平 Output level	0.021 3	0.143 9	0.252 1	0.362 9
总计	0.080 6	0.329 2	0.750 7	0.859 3

Table 10 The proportion of Tianjin's fiscal expenditures in R&D development expenditures

	单位Unit	2006年	2010年	2015年	2018年
财政科学技术支出(X₁₁) Public science and technology expenditure(X₁₁)	10⁸元	18.28	43.25	120.82	106.68
R&D发展经费支出(X₁₂) R&D expenditure(X₁₂)	10⁸元	95.24	229.56	510.18	492.40
政府资金投入所占比例 The proportion of public input in science and technology	%	19.19	18.84	23.68	21.67
R&D经费投入强度 The intensity of R& D investment	%	2.18	2.49	3.08	2.62

Fig.2 Distribution of R&D personnel in Tianjin agricultural enterprises

Fig.3 Sources of corporate innovation funds in Tianjin

Fig.4 Statistics of the number of enterprise patents in Tianjin

Table 11 The alternative schemes for modern agricultural science and technology innovation in Tianjin

排序 Order	备选方案 Alternative schemes	权重 Weight(W)	主要内容 main lines
1	制度创新	0.451 7	强调产学研联动机制和重大科技项目联合攻关,加快体制机制创新,促进各创新要素的集成,以提高整个创新系统的整体功能和效率实现。
2	加大投入	0.316 7	由于农业科技创新的公益性较强,具有诸多不确定性和风险,需要进一步完善政策扶持体系,继续加大对农业创新的投入力度。
3	管理创新	0.231 5	加强管理创新,增强创新主体间的交互学习,构建围绕产业链部署创新链、围绕创新链配置资金链的新型科研组织和管理模式。

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