新疆北疆膜下滴灌春油葵适宜土壤水分的下限分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6): 1344-1353.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.006

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

新疆北疆膜下滴灌春油葵适宜土壤水分的下限分析

景彦强¹(), 洪明¹(), 于秋月², 衡通¹, 肖键¹, 张新乐²

1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院/新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅水土改良实验场,新疆昌吉 831100

收稿日期:2024-11-02 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-07-29
通信作者: 洪明(1980-),男,新疆玛纳斯人,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为节水灌溉,(E-mail)hongming1109@163.com
作者简介:景彦强(1998-),男,山西晋城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业水资源高效利用,(E-mail)jingyanqiang0820@163.com
基金资助:
新疆水利科技专项资金项目(XSKJ-2022-18);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务项目(2022B02011-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01003-2)

Analysis the suitable lower limit of soil moisture for spring oil sunflower irrigated with drip irrigation under membrane in northern Xinjiang

JING Yanqiang¹(), HONG Ming¹(), YU Qiuyue², HENG Tong¹, XIAO Jian¹, ZHANG Xinle²

1. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, College of Water Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Soil and Water Improvement Experimental Field of Water Resources Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Changji Xinjiang 831100, China

Received:2024-11-02 Published:2025-06-20 Online:2025-07-29
Supported by:
Water Conservancy S & T Special Fund Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XSKJ-2022-18);Key Research and development program of Xinjiang(2022B02011-1);Major Scientific R & D Program Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020A01003-2)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析新疆北疆膜下滴灌春油葵主要生育期适宜的土壤水分下限。【方法】以矮大头858为试材,采用正交试验设计,在油葵拔节期、现蕾期、开花期以田间持水量(FC)为上限并设置3个土壤水分下限(55%FC、65%FC和75%FC),共9个(T₁~T₉)处理,并以当地常规灌溉为对照,研究不同处理对春油葵株高、叶面积指数、产量及品质的影响,并基于熵权-TOPSIS综合指标评价方法优选出最佳处理。【结果】拔节期、现蕾期和开花期土壤水分下限为55%FC相较于75%FC株高和叶面积指数分别降低10.77%、4.80%、0.61%和46.17%、20.56%、17.21%,各生育期土壤水分下限提高均有利于促进油葵株高和叶面积指数增加;T₃处理产量(5 189.33 kg/hm²)和水分利用效率(1.31 kg/hm³)最高,较其他处理分别提高了6.85%~39.75%、18.88%~47.19%;T₄处理脂肪含量(49.67 g/100g)和蛋白质含量(4.84 g/100g)最高,较其他处理分别提高了1.28%~11.17%、4.61%~27.62%。基于熵权-TOPSIS的综合指标评价T₃处理最优。【结论】与试验条件相近的新疆北疆滴灌春油葵在拔节期、现蕾期、开花期适宜的土壤水分下限分别为55%FC、75%FC、75%FC。

关键词: 春油葵; 土壤水分下限; 产量; 品质; 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】 Analysis the suitable lower limit of soil moisture during the main growth stage of spring oil sunflower irrigated with drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 With oil sunflower (Aidatou 858) as test material, using orthogonal design, the same upper limit of soil moisture field capacity(FC) and three lower limits of soil moisture (55%FC, 65%FC and 75%FC, ) were set in the stage of elongation, budding and blossoming, and with local farmers irrigation as control. The effect of different treatments on plant height, leaf area index (LAI), yield and quality of spring oil sunflower was studied. Then the best treatment was chosen based on the entropy weighted -TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height and leaf area index of 55% FC were 10.77%, 4.80%, 0.61% and 46.17%, 20.56%, 17.21% lower than those of 75% FC at jointing stage, squaring stage and flowering stage, respectively. The increase of soil moisture lower limit in each growth period was beneficial to promote the increase of plant height and leaf area index of oil sunflower. The yield (5189.33 kg/hm²) and water use efficiency (1.31 kg/hm³) of T₃ treatment were the highest, which were 6.85%-39.75% and 18.88%-47.19% higher than those of other treatments, respectively. The fat content (49.67 g/100g) and protein content (4.84 g/100g) of T₄ treatment were the highest, which were 1.28%-11.17% and 4.61%-27.62% higher than other treatments, respectively. The comprehensive index evaluation based on entropy weight-TOPSIS showed that T₃ treatment was the best. 【Conclusion】 The lower limits of soil moisture suitable for drip-irrigated spring oil sunflower in northern Xinjiang at jointing stage, squaring stage and flowering stage are 55%FC, 75%FC and 75%FC, respectively.

Key words: oil sunflower; lower soil moisture limit; yield; quality; integrated evaluation

中图分类号:

S275.6

景彦强, 洪明, 于秋月, 衡通, 肖键, 张新乐. 新疆北疆膜下滴灌春油葵适宜土壤水分的下限分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(6): 1344-1353.

JING Yanqiang, HONG Ming, YU Qiuyue, HENG Tong, XIAO Jian, ZHANG Xinle. Analysis the suitable lower limit of soil moisture for spring oil sunflower irrigated with drip irrigation under membrane in northern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(6): 1344-1353.

图/表 6

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处理 Treat- ments	生育期 Child-bearing period
处理 Treat- ments	拔节期 Jointing period	现蕾期 Squaring period	开花期 Flowering period
T₁	44.93±0.81^d	105.97±4.47^d	115.19±0.37^g
T₂	45.33±0.83^d	107.37±6.64^cd	118.60±0.85^f
T₃	45.63±0.61^d	108.36±2.26^bcd	122.07±0.25^e
T₄	47.67±0.90^c	108.23±6.38^bcd	119.57±0.64^f
T₅	48.20±0.53^cb	109.97±3.75^abcd	123.57±0.42^d
T₆	49.20±0.66^b	113.87±3.76^abcd	124.17±0.25^cd
T₇	50.73±0.60^a	109.80±3.52^abcd	123.27±0.51^d
T₈	50.97±0.35^a	115.13±2.15^abc	125.03±0.49^c
T₉	51.27±0.42^a	118.13±2.08^a	132.90±0.70^a
CK	49.13±0.23^b	117.03±7.37^ab	130.73±1.08^b

处理 Treat- ments	生育期 Child-bearing period
处理 Treat- ments	拔节期 Jointing period	现蕾期 Squaring period	开花期 Flowering period
T₁	44.93±0.81^d	105.97±4.47^d	115.19±0.37^g
T₂	45.33±0.83^d	107.37±6.64^cd	118.60±0.85^f
T₃	45.63±0.61^d	108.36±2.26^bcd	122.07±0.25^e
T₄	47.67±0.90^c	108.23±6.38^bcd	119.57±0.64^f
T₅	48.20±0.53^cb	109.97±3.75^abcd	123.57±0.42^d
T₆	49.20±0.66^b	113.87±3.76^abcd	124.17±0.25^cd
T₇	50.73±0.60^a	109.80±3.52^abcd	123.27±0.51^d
T₈	50.97±0.35^a	115.13±2.15^abc	125.03±0.49^c
T₉	51.27±0.42^a	118.13±2.08^a	132.90±0.70^a
CK	49.13±0.23^b	117.03±7.37^ab	130.73±1.08^b

处理 Treat- ments	生育期 Child-bearing period
处理 Treat- ments	拔节期 Jointing period	现蕾期 Squaring period	拔节期 Jointing period
T₁	1.13±0.06^c	3.10±0.20^g	3.69±0.04^g
T₂	1.23±0.15^c	3.63±0.31^f	4.68±0.14^f
T₃	1.23±0.12^c	4.13±0.15^e	5.79±0.16^e
T₄	1.50±0.1^b	4.53±0.06^d	5.82±0.07^e
T₅	1.60±0.1^b	5.07±0.15^c	7.23±0.15^b
T₆	1.57±0.12^b	5.37±0.06^bc	6.45±0.11^d
T₇	2.30±0.3^a	5.23±0.15^c	7.30±0.10^b
T₈	2.13±0.06^a	5.63±0.29^b	6.67±0.02^c
T₉	2.27±0.15^a	6.70±0.17^a	8.68±0.13^a
CK	1.56±0.06^b	5.33±0.32^bc	7.17±0.15^b

处理 Treat- ments	生育期 Child-bearing period
处理 Treat- ments	拔节期 Jointing period	现蕾期 Squaring period	拔节期 Jointing period
T₁	1.13±0.06^c	3.10±0.20^g	3.69±0.04^g
T₂	1.23±0.15^c	3.63±0.31^f	4.68±0.14^f
T₃	1.23±0.12^c	4.13±0.15^e	5.79±0.16^e
T₄	1.50±0.1^b	4.53±0.06^d	5.82±0.07^e
T₅	1.60±0.1^b	5.07±0.15^c	7.23±0.15^b
T₆	1.57±0.12^b	5.37±0.06^bc	6.45±0.11^d
T₇	2.30±0.3^a	5.23±0.15^c	7.30±0.10^b
T₈	2.13±0.06^a	5.63±0.29^b	6.67±0.02^c
T₉	2.27±0.15^a	6.70±0.17^a	8.68±0.13^a
CK	1.56±0.06^b	5.33±0.32^bc	7.17±0.15^b

处理 Treatments	盘粒重 Disc grain weight (g)	百粒重 100-seed weight (g)	结实率 Seed set propagation coefficient(%)	产量 Output (kg/hm²)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency (kg/m³)
T₁	90.03±1.66^g	5.93±0.21^f	94.49±0.49^c	3 126.33±6.11^h	0.69
T₂	102.13±0.81^d	6.53±0.15^cd	95.93±0.51^ab	4 063.00±35.34^e	0.91
T₃	131.33±2.04^a	8.47±0.29^a	96.96±0.61^a	5 189.33±18.72^a	1.31
T₄	93.80±0.61^f	6.13±0.38^de	95.41±0.17^bc	3 771.33±26.27^g	0.81
T₅	119.90±1.01^b	7.77±0.06^b	96.60±0.40^ab	4 834.00±41.57^b	1.12
T₆	100.13±1.23^e	6.53±0.29^cd	93.30±0.17^d	4 003.00±7.00^ef	0.90
T₇	95.63±0.45^f	6.17±0.21^de	95.58±0.47^bc	3939.33±112.17^f	0.90
T₈	94.33±0.91^f	6.07±0.12^de	95.48±0.14^bc	3990.67±10.26^ef	0.86
T₉	101.20±0.6^de	6.53±0.47^cd	95.91±0.50^ab	4453.67±122.74^d	1.02
CK	106.30±0.20^c	6.90±0.53^c	96.19±0.50^ab	4730.17±8.13^c	1.06

新疆北疆膜下滴灌春油葵适宜土壤水分的下限分析

Analysis the suitable lower limit of soil moisture for spring oil sunflower irrigated with drip irrigation under membrane in northern Xinjiang

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Metrics

处理 Treat- ments	灌溉时期 Irrigation period
处理 Treat- ments	拔节期 Jointing period (6月1~14日)	现蕾期 Squaring period (6月15日~ 7月5日)	开花期 Flowering period (7月6日~ 8月1日)
T₁	55%FC	55%FC	55%FC
T₂	55%FC	65%FC	65%FC
T₃	55%FC	75%FC	75%FC
T₄	65%FC	55%FC	65%FC
T₅	65%FC	65%FC	75%FC
T₆	65%FC	75%FC	55%FC
T₇	75%FC	55%FC	75%FC
T₈	75%FC	65%FC	55%FC
T₉	75%FC	75%FC	65%FC
CK	-	-	-

处理 Treatments	脂肪含量 Fat content	蛋白质含量 Protein content
T₁	46.52±2.58^cd	3.50±0.26^e
T₂	48.38±0.16^abc	4.55±0.1^abc
T₃	48.56±1.55^abc	4.58±0.02^ab
T₄	49.67±0.52^a	4.84±0.04^a
T₅	47.12±0.58^bcd	4.59±0.04^ab
T₆	45.65±0.22^de	4.07±0.07^d
T₇	49.04±0.86^ab	4.24±0.08^cd
T₈	44.13±0.74^e	4.21±0.03^cd
T₉	46.77±0.68^cd	4.35±0.43^bcd
CK	48.15±0.74^abc	4.62±0.24^ab

处理 Treatments	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	相对贴近度 Relative closeness	排序 Rank
T₁	0.000 1	0.000 1	0.434 6	0.000 1	0.000 1	10
T₂	0.454 1	0.362 3	0.768 5	0.807 8	0.454 1	5
T₃	1.000 1	1.000 1	0.800 8	0.830 9	1.000 1	1
T₄	0.312 8	0.200 1	1.000 1	1.000 1	0.312 8	6
T₅	0.827 9	0.702 8	0.542 3	0.838 6	0.827 9	2
T₆	0.425 0	0.346 0	0.278 4	0.438 6	0.425 0	8
T₇	0.394 2	0.340 6	0.887 0	0.569 3	0.394 2	7
T₈	0.419 1	0.281 2	0.000 1	0.546 3	0.419 1	9
T₉	0.643 5	0.540 6	0.479 5	0.653 9	0.643 5	4
CK	0.777 5	0.600 1	0.727 2	0.861 6	0.777 5	3
权重 Weight	0.254 5	0.312 6	0.239 3	0.193 6	-	-

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