雹灾重播条件下不同棉花品种生长发育、产量及品质的差异比较

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 筛选出适宜新疆南疆雹灾后重播的棉花品种。【方法】 在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县设置灾后棉花重播试验,选取适宜灾后重播的 5 个早中熟陆地棉品种为材料,比较各参试品种在生育进程、主要农艺性状、干物质积累量、产量及其构成因素与主要纤维品质性状上的差异。【结果】 新陆早78号的生育期最短,为122 d;株高为 106.7 cm、果枝始节高度为22.6 cm、始果枝节位为 6.0节;在干物质积累与分配上较其它参试品种更为合理,更加有利于棉株后期产量形成;新陆早78号的籽棉和皮棉产量在参试品种中均达到最高,分别为5 534.0、2 343.0 kg/hm²;纤维品质表现较好。【结论】 参试品种中新陆早 78 号综合表现较优,可以作为雹灾后重播的棉花品种。

关键词: 棉花; 雹灾; 重播; 品种; 生长发育; 产量品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To screen out the cotton varieties suitable for rebroadcasting after hail disaster. 【Methods】 The post-disaster cotton replanting experiment was carried out in Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang. Five early and mid-maturing upland cotton varieties suitable for post-disaster rescue and disaster relief were selected as test materials to study the differences in quantity, yield and its constituent factors and main fiber quality traits. 【Results】 Among the tested varieties, Xinluzao 78 had the shortest growth period of 122 d, the plant height was 106.7 cm, the height of the first fruit branch was 22.6 cm, and the first fruit branch was 6.0 knots. Compared with other tested varieties, the distribution was more reasonable, and it was more conducive to the formation of cotton plant yield in the later stage. The seed cotton and lint cotton yields of Xinluzao 78 both reached the highest among the tested varieties, at 5,534.0 kg/hm² and 2,343.0 kg/hm² with fine fiber quality.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive analysis shows that the tested variety Zhongxinluzao 78 has better comprehensive performance and can be used as a cotton variety suitable for rebroadcasting after hail disaster.

Key words: cotton; hail disaster; reseeding; variety; growth and development; yield and quality

中图分类号:

S562

孙明辉, 阿依努尔·卡依木, 翟梦华, 代健敏, 张巨松. 雹灾重播条件下不同棉花品种生长发育、产量及品质的差异比较[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2667-2673.

SUN Minghui, Ayinuer Kayimu, ZHAI Menghua, DAI Jianmin, ZHANG Jusong. Comparative study on growth, yield and quality of different cotton varieties under hail disaster reseeding[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(11): 2667-2673.

图/表 8

表1 土壤基础肥力

Tab.1 Original soil-fertility

土层深度 Depth of soil layer (cm)	pH	有机质 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	全氮 Organic matter (g/kg)	水解性氮 Available nitrogen (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available potassium (g/kg)
0~20 cm	8.14	11.1	0.57	48.9	27.9	113
20~40 cm	8.20	9.55	0.49	48.9	18.9	107
40~60cm	7.98	7.72	0.43	19.6	6.7	115

表2 参试材料和供种单位

Tab.2 The participating materials and the test units

序号 No.	品种 Variety	供种单位 Breeding unites
1	源棉 11 号	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所
2	新陆早 66 号	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
3	新陆早 68 号	新疆植金种业有限责任公司
4	新陆中 78 号	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
5	新陆中 84 号	新疆天玉种业有限公司

表3 不同棉花品种生育时期进程的比较

Tab.3 Growth period of different cotton varieties (M/D)

品种 Variety	出苗 Emergenc	现蕾 Full squaringy	初花 Flower opening	盛花 Full blossom	盛铃 Full boll	吐絮 Boll opening
源棉11号Yuanmian 11	5/27	6/18	7/17	7/28	8/17	10/3
新陆早66号Xinluzao 66	5/29	6/20	7/18	7/30	8/15	9/30
新陆早68号Xinluzao 68	5/28	6/20	7/17	7/27	8/14	9/28
新陆早78号Xinluzao 78	5/28	6/22	7/20	7/26	8/14	9/29
新陆中84号Xinluzhong 84	5/27	6/19	7/19	7/31	8/19	10/4

表4 不同棉花品种生育阶段的比较

Tab.4 Comparison of growth stages of different cotton varieties (d)

品种 Variety	播种至出苗 Sow until emergence	苗期 Seedling stage	蕾期 Bud stage	花铃期 Flowering and bolling period	生育期 Reproductive period
源棉11号Yuanmian 11	9	22	29	78	129
新陆早66号Xinluzao 66	11	23	28	74	125
新陆早68号Xinluzao 68	10	23	27	73	123
新陆早78号Xinluzao 78	10	24	28	70	122
新陆中84号Xinluzhong 84	9	23	30	77	130

表5 不同棉花品种主要农艺性状

Tab.5 Main agronomic characters of different cotton varieties

品种 Variety	株高 Height (cm)	果枝数(台) Number of fruit branches	始果枝节位 (节) First fruit branch node	始果枝高 Branch height envoy (cm)	果枝夹角 (度) Branch angle	果枝长度 Branch length (cm)	茎粗 Stem thick (cm)
源棉 11 号Yuanmian 11	128.3^a	10.3^a	5.5^b	30.7^a	51.8^b	16.1^a	12. ${0^{a}}^{b}$
新陆早 66 号Xinluzao 66	103. ${8^{c}}^{d}$	9.9^a	5.3^b	23.0^b	60.8^a	14. ${5^{a}}^{b}$	10.8^b
新陆早 68 号Xinluzao 68	99.4^d	10.7^a	5.2^b	22.0^b	54.4^b	15.2^ab	11.6^ab
新陆早 78 号Xinluzao 78	106.7^c	11.1^a	6.0^a	22.3^b	58.5^a	15.1^ab	11.0
新陆中 84 号Xinluzhong 84	122.5^b	10.6^a	5.6^ab	25.8^b	53.4^b	11.0^b	12.4^ab

表5 不同棉花品种主要农艺性状

Tab.5 Main agronomic characters of different cotton varieties

品种 Variety	株高 Height (cm)	果枝数(台) Number of fruit branches	始果枝节位 (节) First fruit branch node	始果枝高 Branch height envoy (cm)	果枝夹角 (度) Branch angle	果枝长度 Branch length (cm)	茎粗 Stem thick (cm)
源棉 11 号Yuanmian 11	128.3^a	10.3^a	5.5^b	30.7^a	51.8^b	16.1^a	12. ${0^{a}}^{b}$
新陆早 66 号Xinluzao 66	103. ${8^{c}}^{d}$	9.9^a	5.3^b	23.0^b	60.8^a	14. ${5^{a}}^{b}$	10.8^b
新陆早 68 号Xinluzao 68	99.4^d	10.7^a	5.2^b	22.0^b	54.4^b	15.2^ab	11.6^ab
新陆早 78 号Xinluzao 78	106.7^c	11.1^a	6.0^a	22.3^b	58.5^a	15.1^ab	11.0
新陆中 84 号Xinluzhong 84	122.5^b	10.6^a	5.6^ab	25.8^b	53.4^b	11.0^b	12.4^ab

图1 不同棉花品种单株干物质积累与分配比较

Fig.1 Comparison of dry matter accumulation and distribution per plant of different cotton varieties

表6 不同棉花品种产量及其构成因素比较

Tab.6 Comparison of yield and its components of different cotton varieties

品种 Variety	收获株数 Plant Number (10⁴株/hm²)	单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个/株)	单铃重 Boll number per plant (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Yield of seed cotton (kg/hm²)	皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm²)
源棉 11 号Yuanmian 11	13.45^a	5.77^c	5.74^ab	39.33^ab	4 447.52^b	1 746.09^c
新陆早 66 号Xinluzao 66	13.70^a	6.37^bc	5.58^ab	39.67^ab	4 868.55^ab	1 929.61^bc
新陆早 68 号Xinluzao 68	13.70^a	6.99^ab	5.64^ab	40.00^ab	5 415.68^a	2 167.72^ab
新陆早 78 号Xinluzao 78	13.95^a	7.51^a	5.30^b	42.33^a	5 539.38^a	2 345.08^a
新陆中 84 号Xinluzhong 84	13.60^a	6.45^abc	5.89^a	37.33^b	5 131.40^ab	1 917.23^bc

表7 不同棉花品种主要纤维品质性状的比较

Tab.7 Comparison of main fiber quality traits of different cotton varieties

品种 Variety	棉纤维上半部平均长度 Average length of upper part of cotton fiber (mm)	断裂比强度 Specific strength at break (cN/tex)	马克隆值 Micronaire	纤维整齐度 Fiber uniformity	伸长率 Fiber elongation	成熟度系数 Maturity coefficient
源棉 11 号Yuan mian 11	32.0^b	30.7^a	3.5^b	85.7^a	12.70^a	0.80^a
新陆早 66 号Xinluzao 66	32.1^b	27.3^b	3.8^a	85.6^a	11.17^a	0.82^a
新陆早 68 号Xinluzao 68	31.9^b	27.4^b	3.9^a	86.2^a	12.00^a	0.81^a
新陆早 78 号Xinluzao 78	32.2^b	28.3^b	3.7^a	85.7^a	12.10^a	0.80^a
新陆中 84 号Xinluzhong 84	33.5^a	30.1^a	3.6^a	85.9^a	12.00^a	0.80^a

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